---
title: The area includes Coptic Cairo, which holds a high concentration of… — Cairo · tree and pragmatics
description: The area includes Coptic Cairo, which holds a high concentration of old Christian churches such as the Hanging Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George, and other Christian or Coptic buildings, most of which are located in an enclave on the site of the ancient Roman fortress. Who acts: area, 
---

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# Cairo, sentence 453

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From Wikipedia, [«Cairo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The area includes Coptic Cairo, which holds a high concentration of old Christian churches such as the Hanging Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George, and other Christian or Coptic buildings, most of which are located in an enclave on the site of the ancient Roman fortress.

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**Who acts:** area, Coptic Cairo · **What happens:** include, hold, locate · **To what, where:** Coptic Cairo, high concentration, most, enclave

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (area, Coptic Cairo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cairo:453
# text = The area includes Coptic Cairo, which holds a high concentration of old Christian churches such as the Hanging Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George, and other Christian or Coptic buildings, most of which are located in an enclave on the site of the ancient Roman fortress.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Coptic	coptic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	concentration	concentration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Hanging	Hanging	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	Orthodox	Orthodox	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod:desc	_	_
28	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
31	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
32	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	Coptic	coptic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	conj	_	_
35	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
37	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	nmod	_	_
40	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	located	locate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	acl	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	enclave	enclave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	on	on	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
50	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
51	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	fortress	fortress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | the area | Coptic Cairo |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cairo=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | present | Coptic Cairo | a high concentration of old Christian churches such the Hanging Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of George  St. |  |  |  | other Christian buildings *parataxis* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent concentration=Theme |
| 3 | **locate** | present · passive |  | most |  | a enclave on the site of the ancient Roman fortress |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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