---
title: The results of this has been a permanent haze over the city with par… — Cairo · tree and pragmatics
description: The results of this has been a permanent haze over the city with particulate matter in the air reaching over three times normal levels. Who acts: results, air. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cairo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cairo, sentence 523

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From Wikipedia, [«Cairo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The results of this has been a permanent haze over the city with particulate matter in the air reaching over three times normal levels.

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**Who acts:** results, air · **What happens:** be, reach, result · **To what, where:** permanent haze, city, normal levels, this

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (results, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cairo:523
# text = The results of this has been a permanent haze over the city with particulate matter in the air reaching over three times normal levels.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	permanent	permanent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	haze	haze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	particulate	particulate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	reaching	reach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	over	over	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
23	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	levels	level	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | the results of this | a permanent haze |  | the city with particulate matter in the air |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reach** | gerund | the air *not said here* | normal levels |  |  | time |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent level=Theme |
| 3 | **result** |  |  | this |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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