---
title: Over time, Ibn Tulun gained an army and accumulated influence and we… — Cairo · tree and pragmatics
description: Over time, Ibn Tulun gained an army and accumulated influence and wealth, allowing him to become the de facto independent ruler of both Egypt and Syria by 878. Who acts: Ibn, de. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cairo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cairo, sentence 60

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From Wikipedia, [«Cairo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Over time, Ibn Tulun gained an army and accumulated influence and wealth, allowing him to become the de facto independent ruler of both Egypt and Syria by 878.

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**Who acts:** Ibn, de · **What happens:** gain, accumulate, allow, become, ruler · **To what, where:** army, influence, ibn

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ibn, de), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cairo:60
# text = Over time, Ibn Tulun gained an army and accumulated influence and wealth, allowing him to become the de facto independent ruler of both Egypt and Syria by 878.
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Ibn	Ibn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Tulun	Tulun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	allowing	allow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	de	de	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	23	nsubj	_	_
21	facto	facto	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	23	dep	_	_
22	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc:preconj	_	_
26	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Syria	Syria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	878	878	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | past | Ibn | a army |  |  | time |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Theme |
| 2 | **accumulate** | past | Ibn *not said here* | influence and wealth |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent influence=Theme |
| 3 | **allow** | gerund | Ibn *not said here* | ibn |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer he=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **become** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | ibn *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by 878 | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **ruler** |  | de |  |  |  |  | of Egypt and Syria | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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