---
title: The Sao culture arose around Lake Chad, c. 500 CE, and gave way to t… — Cameroon · tree and pragmatics
description: The Sao culture arose around Lake Chad, c. 500 CE, and gave way to the Kanem and its successor state, the Bornu Empire. Who acts: Sao culture. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cameroon» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cameroon, sentence 38

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From Wikipedia, [«Cameroon»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Sao culture arose around Lake Chad, c. 500 CE, and gave way to the Kanem and its successor state, the Bornu Empire.

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**Who acts:** Sao culture · **What happens:** arise, give · **To what, where:** Lake, way, Kanem

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cameroon». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sao culture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cameroon:38
# text = The Sao culture arose around Lake Chad, c. 500 CE, and gave way to the Kanem and its successor state, the Bornu Empire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Sao	Sao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	Chad	Chad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	c.	c.	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
10	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	CE	ce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Kanem	Kanem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Bornu	Bornu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | the Sao culture |  |  | Lake |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around lake=Location |
| 2 | **give** | past | the Sao culture *not said here* | way | the Kanem and culture's successor state and the Bornu Empire |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Theme to kanem=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cameroon», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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