---
title: Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost. — Canada · tree and pragmatics
description: Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost. Who acts: ice. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Canada» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Canada, sentence 150

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From Wikipedia, [«Canada»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost.

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**Who acts:** ice · **What happens:** cover · **To what, where:** Much

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Canada». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Canada:150
# text = Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	Northern	Northern	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	permafrost	permafrost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive | ice and permafrost | Much of Northern Canada |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Canada», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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