---
title: The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court, final arbiter, and… — Canada · tree and pragmatics
description: The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court, final arbiter, and has been led since 2017 by Richard Wagner, the Chief Justice of Canada. Who acts: Supreme Court, Richard. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Canada» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Canada/198/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Canada](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Canada/) / 198

# Canada, sentence 198

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Canada»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court, final arbiter, and has been led since 2017 by Richard Wagner, the Chief Justice of Canada.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Supreme Court, Richard · **What happens:** be, lead · **To what, where:** highest court

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Canada». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Supreme Court, Richard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Canada:198
# text = The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court, final arbiter, and has been led since 2017 by Richard Wagner, the Chief Justice of Canada.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Supreme	Supreme	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Court	Court	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	arbiter	arbiter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
18	since	since	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	2017	2017	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	Wagner	Wagner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Justice	Justice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Supreme Court of Canada | the highest court and final arbiter |  |  |  | final arbiter *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | present · perfect · passive | Richard and the Chief Justice of Canada | the highest court and final arbiter *not said here* |  |  | since 2017 |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Canada», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 197](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Canada/197/)
- next →: [sentence 199](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Canada/199/)
- ↑ back to [Canada](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Canada/)