--- title: Cape Verde — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Cape Verde», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Cape Verde, also referred to in English by its Portuguese name Cabo Verde, and known officially as the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelagic country in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Cape Verde # Cape Verde · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Cape Verde»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). 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[1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/page/4/) Cape Verde is a founding member state of the [Community of Portuguese Language Countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries), also known as the [Lusophone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusophone) Commonwealth, an international organization and political association of Lusophone nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language.[78](../../78/ "tree and pragmatics") Cape Verde has [bilateral relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateralism) with some Lusophone nations and holds membership in a number of international organizations.[\[22\]](../../page/4/#ref-22 "note 22")[79](../../79/ "tree and pragmatics") It also participates in most international conferences on economic and political issues.[\[22\]](../../page/4/#ref-22 "note 22")[80](../../80/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 2007, Cape Verde has a special partnership status[\[39\]](../../page/4/#ref-39 "note 39") with the [EU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union), under the [Cotonou Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotonou_Agreement), and might apply for [special membership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde–European_Union_relations#Membership), in particular because the [Cape Verdean escudo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verdean_escudo), the country's currency, is indexed to the [euro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro).[\[40\]](../../page/4/#ref-40 "note 40")[81](../../81/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2011 Cape Verde ratified the [Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court).[\[41\]](../../page/4/#ref-41 "note 41")[82](../../82/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2017 Cape Verde signed the UN treaty on the [Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons).[\[42\]](../../page/4/#ref-42 "note 42")[83](../../83/ "tree and pragmatics") In November 2021, Cape Verde opened its first embassy in Nigeria.[\[43\]](../../page/4/#ref-43 "note 43")[84](../../84/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Military Main article: [Cape Verdean Armed Forces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Armed_Forces) The military of Cape Verde consists of the National Guard and the Coast Guard; 0.7% of the country's GDP was spent on the military in 2005.[85](../../85/ "tree and pragmatics") Having fought their only battles in the war for independence against Portugal between 1974 and 1975, the efforts of the Cape Verdean armed forces have turned to combatting international drug trafficking.[86](../../86/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2007, together with the [Cape Verdean Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cape_Verde), they carried out Operation Flying Launch (Operacão Lancha Voadora), a successful operation to put an end to a drug trafficking group which smuggled cocaine from Colombia to the Netherlands and Germany using the country as a reorder point.[87](../../87/ "tree and pragmatics") The operation took more than three years, being a secret operation during the first two years, and ended in 2010.[88](../../88/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2016, Cape Verdean Armed Forces were involved in the [Monte Tchota massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Tchota_massacre), a green-on-green incident that resulted in 11 deaths.[\[44\]](../../page/4/#ref-44 "note 44")[89](../../89/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Geography Main article: [Geography of Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde) The Cape Verde archipelago is in the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 570 km off the western coast of the African continent, near [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal) [corpus](../../../Senegal/ "in our corpus"), [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia) [corpus](../../../The_Gambia/ "in our corpus"), and [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania) [corpus](../../../Mauritania/ "in our corpus") as well as part of the [Macaronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaronesia) ecoregion.[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") It lies between latitudes [14°](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_parallel_north) and [18°N](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_parallel_north), and longitudes [22°](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22nd_meridian_west) and [26°W](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/26th_meridian_west). The country is a horseshoe-shaped cluster of ten islands (nine inhabited) and eight islets,[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45") that constitute an area of 4033 km2 (1557 sq mi).[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") The islands are spatially divided into two groups:[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") - The [Barlavento Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlavento_Islands) ([windward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windward_and_leeward) islands): [Santo Antão](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Antão,_Cape_Verde), [São Vicente](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Vicente,_Cape_Verde), [Santa Luzia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Luzia,_Cape_Verde), [São Nicolau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Nicolau,_Cape_Verde), [Sal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde), [Boa Vista](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde);[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45") and[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") - The [Sotavento Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotavento_Islands) ([leeward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windward_and_leeward)): [Maio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maio,_Cape_Verde), [Santiago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde), [Fogo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogo,_Cape_Verde), [Brava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brava,_Cape_Verde).[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") The largest island, both in size and population, is Santiago, which hosts the nation's capital, Praia, the principal urban agglomeration in the archipelago.[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") Sal, Boa Vista, and Maio, are fairly flat, sandy, and dry; the other islands are generally rockier with more vegetation.[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Physical geography and geology Main article: [Geology of Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Cape_Verde) Geologically, the islands are principally composed of [igneous rocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock), with volcanic structures and [pyroclastic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_rock) debris comprising the majority of the archipelago's total volume.[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") The [volcanic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_rock) and [plutonic rocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonic_rock) are distinctly basic; the archipelago is a soda-alkaline [petrographic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrography) province, with a [petrologic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrology) succession similar to that found in other Macaronesian islands.[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") The islands lie on a bathymetric swell known as the [Cape Verde Rise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_Rise).[\[46\]](../../page/4/#ref-46 "note 46")[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") The rise is one of the largest protuberances in the world's oceans, rising 2.2 km in a semi-circular region of 1200 km2 (460 sq mi), associated with a rise of the [geoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoid).[\[47\]](../../page/4/#ref-47 "note 47")[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") Magnetic anomalies identified in the vicinity of the archipelago indicate that the structures forming the islands date back 125–150 million years: the islands date from 8 million (in the west) to 20 million years (in the east).[\[47\]](../../page/4/#ref-47 "note 47")[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") The oldest exposed rocks occurred on Maio and the northern peninsula of Santiago and are 128–131 million-year-old [pillow lavas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_lava).[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") The first stage of volcanism in the islands began in the early [Miocene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene) and reached its peak at the end of this period when the islands reached their maximum sizes.[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") Historical volcanism (within human settlement) has been restricted to Fogo.[\[48\]](../../page/4/#ref-48 "note 48")[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") [Pico do Fogo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pico_do_Fogo), the largest active volcano in the region, erupted in 2014.[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") It has an 8 km [caldera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera), the rim of which is at an elevation of 1,600 m and an interior cone that rises to 2,829 m above sea level.[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") The caldera resulted from subsidence, following the partial evacuation (eruption) of the magma chamber, along a cylindrical column from within the magma chamber (at a depth of 8 km).[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") Extensive [salt flats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pan_%28geology%29) are found on Sal and Maio.[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") On Santiago, Santo Antão, and São Nicolau, arid slopes give way in places to sugarcane fields or banana plantations spread along the base of towering mountains.[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") Ocean cliffs have been formed by catastrophic [debris landslides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debris_flow).[\[49\]](../../page/4/#ref-49 "note 49")[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Climate Further information: [Geography of Cape Verde § Climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde#Climate) Cape Verde's climate is milder than that of the African mainland because the surrounding sea moderates temperatures, and cold Atlantic currents produce an arid atmosphere.[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") Conversely, the islands do not receive the [upwelling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling) (cold streams) that affect the West African coast, so the air temperature is cooler than in Senegal, but the sea is warmer.[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") Because of the relief of some islands, such as Santiago with its steep mountains, the islands can have [orographically](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orographic_lift) induced precipitation, allowing rich woods and luxuriant vegetation to grow where the humid air condenses, soaking the plants, rocks, soil, logs, moss, etc. On the higher islands and somewhat wetter islands, the climate is suitable for the development of dry monsoon forests and [laurel forests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_forest).[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") Cape Verde lies in the [Cape Verde Islands dry forests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands_dry_forests) ecoregion.[\[50\]](../../page/4/#ref-50 "note 50")[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") Average temperatures range from 22 C in February to 27 C in September.[\[51\]](../../page/4/#ref-51 "note 51")[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") Cape Verde is part of the [Sahelian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel) semi-arid belt, with nothing like the rainfall levels of nearby [West Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa).[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") It rains irregularly between August and October, with frequent brief heavy downpours.[\[45\]](../../page/4/#ref-45 "note 45")[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") A desert is usually defined as terrain that receives less than 250 mm of annual rainfall.[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") Sal's total of 145 mm confirms this classification.[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of the year's rain falls in September.[\[51\]](../../page/4/#ref-51 "note 51")[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") Because of the infrequent occurrence of rainfall where not mountainous, the landscape is so arid that less than two percent of it is arable.[\[52\]](../../page/4/#ref-52 "note 52")[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") The archipelago can be divided into four broad ecological zones – arid, semiarid, sub-humid and humid, according to altitude and average annual rainfall ranging from less than 100 mm in the arid areas of the coast as in the [Deserto de Viana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserto_de_Viana) (67 mm in [Sal Rei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_Rei)) to more than 1,000 mm in the humid mountain.[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") Most rainfall precipitation is due to condensation of the ocean mist.[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") In some islands, like Santiago, the wetter climate of the interior and the eastern coast contrasts with the drier one on the south/southwest coast.[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") Western Hemisphere-bound hurricanes often have their early beginnings near the Cape Verde Islands.[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") These [Cape Verde hurricanes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_hurricane) can become very intense as they cross warm Atlantic waters.[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") The average hurricane season has about two Cape Verde-type hurricanes, which are usually the largest and most intense storms of the season because they often have plenty of warm open ocean over which to develop before encountering land.[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") The five largest Atlantic tropical cyclones on record have been Cape Verde-type hurricanes.[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of the longest-lived tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin are Cape Verde hurricanes.[\[53\]](../../page/4/#ref-53 "note 53")[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 1851 the islands have been twice struck by hurricanes: in 1892 and in 2015 ([Hurricane Fred](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Fred_%282015%29), the easternmost hurricane ever to form in the Atlantic).[\[54\]](../../page/4/#ref-54 "note 54")[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") According to the president of [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru) [corpus](../../../Nauru/ "in our corpus"), in 2011, Cape Verde was ranked the eighth most endangered nation due to flooding from climate change.[\[55\]](../../page/4/#ref-55 "note 55")[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2023, [UN Secretary-General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations) [António Guterres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Guterres) arrived in Cabo Verde to raise concerns about climate change.[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") He said that the country is on the frontlines of the existential crisis generated by climate disruptions and that world leaders need to take action to address the climate crisis.[\[56\]](../../page/4/#ref-56 "note 56")[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") Cabo Verde is a leader in [renewable energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy) in sub-Saharan Africa.[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") As of 2023, 20% of its energy comes from renewable sources, and the goal is to increase that to 50% by 2030.[\[57\]](../../page/4/#ref-57 "note 57")[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2023, Portugal signed an agreement to forgive €140 million of Cape Verde's debt in exchange for the country investing in environmental projects.[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") This agreement is one of the first [debt-for-nature swaps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-for-nature_swap) in Africa.[\[58\]](../../page/4/#ref-58 "note 58")[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Biodiversity Main article: [Wildlife of Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cape_Verde), [Flora of Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_of_Cape_Verde), [Cape Verde Islands dry forests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands_dry_forests) Cape Verde's isolation has resulted in the islands having several endemic species, particularly birds and reptiles, many of which are endangered by human development.[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") Endemic birds include [Alexander's swift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%27s_swift) (Apus alexandri), [Bourne's heron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne%27s_heron) (Ardea purpurea bournei), the [Raso lark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raso_lark) (Alauda razae), the [Cape Verde warbler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_warbler) (Acrocephalus brevipennis), and the [Iago sparrow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iago_sparrow) (Passer iagoensis).[\[59\]](../../page/4/#ref-59 "note 59")[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") The islands are also an important breeding area for seabirds including the [Cape Verde shearwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_shearwater).[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") Reptiles include the Cape Verde giant gecko ([Tarentola gigas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarentola_gigas)).[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") [Forest cover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_cover) is around 11% of the total land area, equivalent to 45,720 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, up from 15,380 ha in 1990.[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 13,680 ha and planted forest covered 32,040 ha.[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") For the year 2015, 100% of the forest area was reported to be under public ownership.[\[60\]](../../page/4/#ref-60 "note 60")[\[61\]](../../page/4/#ref-61 "note 61")[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Administrative divisions Main article: [Administrative divisions of Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cape_Verde) Cape Verde is divided into 22 [municipalities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality) (concelhos) and subdivided into 32 parishes ([freguesias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freguesia_%28Portugal%29)), based on the religious parishes that existed during the colonial period:[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") Barlavento Islands[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") - Island; Municipality; Census 2010[\[62\]](../../page/4/#ref-62 "note 62"); Census 2021[\[63\]](../../page/4/#ref-63 "note 63"); Parish[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santo Antão](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Antão,_Cape_Verde); [Ribeira Grande](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribeira_Grande,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 18,890; 15,022; [Nossa Senhora do Rosário](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Rosário_%28Ribeira_Grande%29)[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nossa Senhora do Livramento](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Livramento,_Cape_Verde)[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santo Crucifixo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Crucifixo)[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Pedro Apóstolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Pedro_Apóstolo_%28parish%29)[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Paúl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul,_Cape_Verde); 6,997; 5,696; [Santo António das Pombas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_António_das_Pombas)[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Porto Novo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_Novo,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 18,028; 15,014; [São João Baptista](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_João_Baptista_%28Santo_Antão%29)[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santo André](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_André_%28Porto_Novo%29)[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Vicente](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Vicente,_Cape_Verde); [São Vicente](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Vicente,_Cape_Verde); 76,107; 74,016; [Nossa Senhora da Luz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Luz_%28São_Vicente%29)[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santa Luzia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Luzia,_Cape_Verde)[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Nicolau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Nicolau,_Cape_Verde); [Ribeira Brava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribeira_Brava,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 7,580; 6,978; [Nossa Senhora da Lapa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Lapa_%28Ribeira_Brava%29)[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nossa Senhora do Rosário](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Rosário_%28Ribeira_Brava%29)[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tarrafal de São Nicolau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarrafal_de_São_Nicolau,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 5,237; 5,261; [São Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Francisco_%28Tarrafal_de_São_Nicolau%29)[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde); [Sal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde); 25,765; 33,347; [Nossa Senhora das Dores](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_das_Dores_%28Sal%29)[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Boa Vista](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde); [Boa Vista](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde); 9,162; 12,613; [Santa Isabel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Isabel_%28Boa_Vista%29)[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São João Baptista](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_João_Baptista_%28Boa_Vista%29)[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") Sotavento Islands[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") - Island; Municipality; Census 2010[\[62\]](../../page/4/#ref-62 "note 62"); Census 2021[\[63\]](../../page/4/#ref-63 "note 63"); Parish[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Maio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maio,_Cape_Verde); [Maio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maio,_Cape_Verde); 6,952; 6,298; [Nossa Senhora da Luz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Luz_%28Maio%29)[165](../../165/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santiago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde); [Praia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praia,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 131,602; 142,009; [Nossa Senhora da Graça](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Graça_%28Praia%29)[166](../../166/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Domingos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Domingos,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 13,808; 13,958; [Nossa Senhora da Luz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Luz_%28São_Domingos%29)[167](../../167/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Nicolau Tolentino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Nicolau_Tolentino_%28São_Domingos%29)[168](../../168/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santa Catarina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Catarina,_Cape_Verde); 43,297; 37,472; [Santa Catarina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Catarina_%28parish%29)[169](../../169/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Salvador do Mundo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Salvador_do_Mundo,_Cape_Verde); 8,677; 7,452; [São Salvador do Mundo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Salvador_do_Mundo_%28São_Salvador_do_Mundo%29)[170](../../170/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santa Cruz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Cape_Verde); 26,609; 25,004; [Santiago Maior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Maior_%28Santa_Cruz%29)[171](../../171/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Lourenço dos Órgãos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Lourenço_dos_Órgãos,_Cape_Verde); 7,388; 6,317; [São Lourenço dos Órgãos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Lourenço_dos_Órgãos_%28parish%29)[172](../../172/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ribeira Grande de Santiago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribeira_Grande_de_Santiago,_Cape_Verde); 8,325; 7,632; [Santíssimo Nome de Jesus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santíssimo_Nome_de_Jesus_%28Praia%29)[173](../../173/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São João Baptista](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_João_Baptista_%28Praia%29)[174](../../174/ "tree and pragmatics") - [São Miguel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Miguel,_Cape_Verde); 15,648; 12,906; [São Miguel Arcanjo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Miguel_Arcanjo_%28São_Miguel%29)[175](../../175/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tarrafal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarrafal,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 18,565; 16,620; [Santo Amaro Abade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Amaro_Abade)[176](../../176/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fogo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogo,_Cape_Verde); [São Filipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Filipe,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 22,228; 20,732; [São Lourenço](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_Lourenço_%28São_Filipe%29)[177](../../177/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nossa Senhora da Conceição](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Conceição_%28São_Filipe%29)[178](../../178/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Santa Catarina do Fogo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Catarina_do_Fogo); 5,299; 4,725; [Santa Catarina do Fogo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Catarina_do_Fogo)[179](../../179/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mosteiros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosteiros,_Cape_Verde_%28municipality%29); 9,524; 8,062; [Nossa Senhora da Ajuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Ajuda_%28parish%29)[180](../../180/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Brava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brava,_Cape_Verde); [Brava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brava,_Cape_Verde); 5,995; 5,594; [São João Baptista](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/São_João_Baptista_%28Brava%29)[181](../../181/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nossa Senhora do Monte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Monte_%28Cape_Verde%29)[182](../../182/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Economy Main article: [Economy of Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Cape_Verde) Cape Verde's notable economic growth and improvement in living conditions despite a lack of natural resources have garnered international recognition, with other countries and international organisations often providing development aid.[183](../../183/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 2007, the UN has classified it as a [developing nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country) rather than a [least developed country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_developed_countries).[184](../../184/ "tree and pragmatics") Cape Verde has few [natural resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource).[185](../../185/ "tree and pragmatics") Only five of the ten main islands (Santiago, Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Fogo, and Brava) normally support significant agricultural production,[\[64\]](../../page/4/#ref-64 "note 64") and over 90% of all food consumed is imported.[186](../../186/ "tree and pragmatics") Mineral resources include salt, [pozzolana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzolana) (a volcanic rock used in cement production), and [limestone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone).[\[22\]](../../page/4/#ref-22 "note 22")[187](../../187/ "tree and pragmatics") Its small number of wineries making Portuguese-style wines have traditionally focused on the domestic market, but have recently met with some international acclaim.[188](../../188/ "tree and pragmatics") The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for more than 70% of the GDP.[189](../../189/ "tree and pragmatics") Although nearly 35% of the population lives in rural areas, agriculture and fishing contribute only about 9% of GDP.[190](../../190/ "tree and pragmatics") Light manufacturing accounts for most of the remainder.[191](../../191/ "tree and pragmatics") Fish and shellfish are plentiful, and small quantities are exported.[192](../../192/ "tree and pragmatics") Cape Verde has cold storage and freezing facilities and [fish processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_processing) plants in Mindelo, Praia, and on Sal.[193](../../193/ "tree and pragmatics") Expatriate Cape Verdeans contribute an amount estimated at 20% of GDP to the domestic economy through [remittances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance).[\[22\]](../../page/4/#ref-22 "note 22")[194](../../194/ "tree and pragmatics") Despite having few natural resources and being semi-desert, the country has the highest living standards in the region and has attracted thousands of immigrants of different nationalities.[195](../../195/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/page/4/) - ← previous: [page 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/) - next →: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cape_Verde/page/3/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)