---
title: A new constitution was approved by voters in a referendum held on 5… — Central African Republic · tree and pragmatics
description: A new constitution was approved by voters in a referendum held on 5 December 2004. Who acts: voters. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Central African Republic» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Central African Republic, sentence 175

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From Wikipedia, [«Central African Republic»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A new constitution was approved by voters in a referendum held on 5 December 2004.

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**Who acts:** voters · **What happens:** approve, hold · **To what, where:** new constitution, referendum, 5

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Central African Republic». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Central_African_Republic:175
# text = A new constitution was approved by voters in a referendum held on 5 December 2004.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	constitution	constitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	approved	approve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	voters	voter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	referendum	referendum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	_
14	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:unmarked	_	_
15	2004	2004	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approve** | past · passive | voters | a new constitution |  | a referendum |  |  | vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **hold** | participle |  | a referendum *not said here* |  | 5  December  2004 |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on 5=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Central African Republic», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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