---
title: In practice, the president exercises considerable influence through… — Chad · tree and pragmatics
description: In practice, the president exercises considerable influence through his party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), which holds a large majority in both chambers. Who acts: president, Patriotic Salvation Movement. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Chad» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Chad, sentence 146

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From Wikipedia, [«Chad»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In practice, the president exercises considerable influence through his party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), which holds a large majority in both chambers.

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**Who acts:** president, Patriotic Salvation Movement · **What happens:** exercise, hold · **To what, where:** considerable influence, practice, large majority, chambers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Chad». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (president, Patriotic Salvation Movement), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Chad:146
# text = In practice, the president exercises considerable influence through his party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), which holds a large majority in both chambers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	exercises	exercise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	considerable	considerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	Patriotic	Patriotic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	Salvation	Salvation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Movement	Movement	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	MPS	mp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
28	chambers	chamber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exercise** | present | the president | considerable influence |  | practice |  | through President's party | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | present | the Patriotic Salvation Movement | a large majority |  | both chambers |  | which *nsubj* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent majority=Theme in chamber=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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