---
title: In southern Chad, bitter conflicts over land are becoming more common. — Chad · tree and pragmatics
description: In southern Chad, bitter conflicts over land are becoming more common. Who acts: bitter conflicts. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Chad» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Chad, sentence 155

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From Wikipedia, [«Chad»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In southern Chad, bitter conflicts over land are becoming more common.

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**Who acts:** bitter conflicts · **What happens:** become · **To what, where:** southern Chad

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Chad». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bitter conflicts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Chad:155
# text = In southern Chad, bitter conflicts over land are becoming more common.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Chad	Chad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	conflicts	conflict	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
12	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · progressive | bitter conflicts over land |  |  |  |  | in southern Chad *result*; common *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in chad=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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