---
title: Cities face serious difficulties of municipal infrastructure; only 4… — Chad · tree and pragmatics
description: Cities face serious difficulties of municipal infrastructure; only 48% of urban residents have access to potable water and only 2% to basic sanitation. Who acts: Cities. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Chad» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Chad, sentence 272

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From Wikipedia, [«Chad»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Cities face serious difficulties of municipal infrastructure; only 48% of urban residents have access to potable water and only 2% to basic sanitation.

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**Who acts:** Cities · **What happens:** face, have · **To what, where:** serious difficulties, access

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Chad». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Chad:272
# text = Cities face serious difficulties of municipal infrastructure; only 48% of urban residents have access to potable water and only 2% to basic sanitation.
1	Cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	face	face	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	municipal	municipal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	48	48	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	residents	resident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	access	access	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	potable	potable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	only	only	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	basic	basic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	sanitation	sanitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | present | Cities | serious difficulties of municipal infrastructure |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme difficulty=Destination |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | access |  |  |  | to potable water | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent access=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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