--- title: Three trans-African automobile routes pass through Chad: the Tripoli… — Chad · tree and pragmatics description: Three trans-African automobile routes pass through Chad: the Tripoli-Cape Town Highway; the Dakar-Ndjamena Highway; and the Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway. as of 2013 Chad had an estimated 59 airports, 9 of which had paved runways. Who acts: Three trans, Chad. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Chad» with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Chad/289/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Chad](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Chad/) / 289 # Chad, sentence 289 From Wikipedia, [«Chad»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. Three trans-African automobile routes pass through Chad: the Tripoli-Cape Town Highway; the Dakar-Ndjamena Highway; and the Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway. as of 2013 Chad had an estimated 59 airports, 9 of which had paved runways. **Who acts:** Three trans, Chad · **What happens:** pass, have, estimate, pave · **To what, where:** Town Highway, Chad, estimated 59 airports, runways This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Chad». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Three trans, Chad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Chad:289 # text = Three trans-African automobile routes pass through Chad: the Tripoli-Cape Town Highway; the Dakar-Ndjamena Highway; and the Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway. as of 2013 Chad had an estimated 59 airports, 9 of which had paved runways. 1 Three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 nummod _ _ 2 trans tran NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 - - PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 automobile automobile NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 routes route NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 pass pass VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 through through ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Chad chad NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 12 Tripoli Tripoli PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 14 Cape Cape PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 Town Town PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 Highway Highway PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 19 Dakar Dakar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 21 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 21 Ndjamena Ndjamena PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 Highway Highway PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 26 Ndjamena Ndjamena PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 27 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 26 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 Djibouti Djibouti PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 Highway Highway PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 30 . . PUNCT . _ 29 punct _ _ 31 as as ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 33 case _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 31 fixed _ _ 33 2013 2013 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 35 obl _ _ 34 Chad Chad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 35 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 36 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 37 estimated estimate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 amod _ _ 38 59 59 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 39 nummod _ _ 39 airports airport NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 9 9 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 39 appos _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 45 obl _ _ 44 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 45 paved pave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 41 acl:relcl _ _ 46 runways runway NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass** | present | Three trans | the Town Highway | | Chad | | the Dakar Ndjamena Highway *obl*; African automobile routes *nsubj*; the Djibouti Highway *parataxis* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent highway=Theme through chad=Destination | | 2 | **have** | past | Chad | a estimated 59 airports | | | | as 2013 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent airport=Patient | | 3 | **estimate** | participle | | | | | | | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **pave** | past · perfect | | runways | | | | which *obl* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme runway=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 288](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Chad/288/) - next →: [sentence 290](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Chad/290/) - ↑ back to [Chad](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Chad/)