---
title: The petitioning system allows citizens to raise complaints of wrongd… — China · tree and pragmatics
description: The petitioning system allows citizens to raise complaints of wrongdoing, although the concerns are often left unaddressed, and some petitioners have faced punitive arrest or incarceration. Who acts: petitioning system, citizens, petitioners, wrongdoing. A sentence of Wikipedia's «China» with its de
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/China/237/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [China](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/China/) / 237

# China, sentence 237

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«China»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The petitioning system allows citizens to raise complaints of wrongdoing, although the concerns are often left unaddressed, and some petitioners have faced punitive arrest or incarceration.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** petitioning system, citizens, petitioners, wrongdoing · **What happens:** allow, raise, leave, have, complain · **To what, where:** citizens, complaints, concerns, faced punitive arrest

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «China». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (petitioning system, citizens, petitioners, wrongdoing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:China:237
# text = The petitioning system allows citizens to raise complaints of wrongdoing, although the concerns are often left unaddressed, and some petitioners have faced punitive arrest or incarceration.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	petitioning	petitioning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	allows	allow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	complaints	complaint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	concerns	concern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
18	unaddressed	unaddressed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	det	_	_
22	petitioners	petitioner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
24	faced	faced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	punitive	punitive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	arrest	arrest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	incarceration	incarceration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **allow** | present | the petitioning system | citizens |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer citizen=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **raise** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | citizens *not said here* | complaints of wrongdoing |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent complaint=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | present · passive |  | the concerns |  |  |  | often, unaddressed *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | some petitioners | faced punitive arrest or incarceration |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrest=Patient |
| 5 | **complain** |  | wrongdoing |  |  |  |  |  | nom complaint «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «China», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 236](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/China/236/)
- next →: [sentence 238](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/China/238/)
- ↑ back to [China](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/China/)