---
title: Since launching its first satellite in 1970, China has maintained an… — China · tree and pragmatics
description: Since launching its first satellite in 1970, China has maintained an active space program. Who acts: China. A sentence of Wikipedia's «China» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# China, sentence 276

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From Wikipedia, [«China»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since launching its first satellite in 1970, China has maintained an active space program.

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**Who acts:** China · **What happens:** launch, maintain · **To what, where:** first satellite, 1970, active space program

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «China». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (China), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:China:276
# text = Since launching its first satellite in 1970, China has maintained an active space program.
1	Since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	launching	launch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1970	1970	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **launch** | gerund | China *not said here* | technology's first satellite |  | 1970 |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent satellite=Theme in 1970=Destination |
| 2 | **maintain** | present · perfect | China | a active space program |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent program=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «China», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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