---
title: Beginning in the mid-1970s Colombian drug cartels became major produ… — Colombia · tree and pragmatics
description: Beginning in the mid-1970s Colombian drug cartels became major producers, processors and exporters of illegal drugs, primarily marijuana and cocaine. Who acts: Colombian drug cartels. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Colombia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Colombia, sentence 138

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From Wikipedia, [«Colombia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Beginning in the mid-1970s Colombian drug cartels became major producers, processors and exporters of illegal drugs, primarily marijuana and cocaine.

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**Who acts:** Colombian drug cartels · **What happens:** begin, become · **To what, where:** mid-1970s, major producers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Colombia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Colombian drug cartels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Colombia:138
# text = Beginning in the mid-1970s Colombian drug cartels became major producers, processors and exporters of illegal drugs, primarily marijuana and cocaine.
1	Beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mid-1970s	mid-1970	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	_
5	Colombian	colombian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cartels	cartel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	producers	producer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	processors	processor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	exporters	exporter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	primarily	primarily	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	marijuana	marijuana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	cocaine	cocaine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | gerund |  |  |  | the mid-1970s |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **become** | past | Colombian drug cartels | major producers and processors and exporters of illegal drugs and marijuana and cocaine |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Colombia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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