---
title: Up until the 1970s, the city had tram services, which were discontin… — Colombo · tree and pragmatics
description: Up until the 1970s, the city had tram services, which were discontinued. Who acts: city. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Colombo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Colombo, sentence 140

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From Wikipedia, [«Colombo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Up until the 1970s, the city had tram services, which were discontinued.

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**Who acts:** city · **What happens:** have, discontinue · **To what, where:** tram services

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Colombo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Colombo:140
# text = Up until the 1970s, the city had tram services, which were discontinued.
1	Up	up	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	until	until	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	1970s	1970s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	tram	tram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	discontinued	discontinue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the city | tram services |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent service=Patient |
| 2 | **discontinue** | past · passive |  | tram services |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Colombo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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