---
title: Three-wheelers are entirely operated by individuals and hardly regul… — Colombo · tree and pragmatics
description: Three-wheelers are entirely operated by individuals and hardly regulated whilst cab services are run by private companies and are metered. Who acts: individuals, private companies. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Colombo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Colombo/142/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Colombo](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Colombo/) / 142

# Colombo, sentence 142

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Colombo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three-wheelers are entirely operated by individuals and hardly regulated whilst cab services are run by private companies and are metered.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** individuals, private companies · **What happens:** operate, regulate, run, meter · **To what, where:** Three wheelers, cab services

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Colombo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (individuals, private companies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Colombo:142
# text = Three-wheelers are entirely operated by individuals and hardly regulated whilst cab services are run by private companies and are metered.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	wheelers	wheeler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	operated	operate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	individuals	individual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	regulated	regulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
12	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	cab	cab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:agent	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	metered	meter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **operate** | present · passive | individuals | Three wheelers |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Theme subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **regulate** | participle | individuals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hardly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **run** | present · passive | private companies | cab services |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory |
| 4 | **meter** | present · passive | private companies *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Colombo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 141](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Colombo/141/)
- next →: [sentence 143](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Colombo/143/)
- ↑ back to [Colombo](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Colombo/)