---
title: The original designation in Old Norse, from which Danish descends, w… — Copenhagen · tree and pragmatics
description: The original designation in Old Norse, from which Danish descends, was Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn meaning 'merchants' harbour': the direct corresponding English cognates of this name would be "chapmen's haven", the city's English toponym however was acquired through Low German Kopenhagen. Who ac
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Copenhagen/31/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Copenhagen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Copenhagen/) / 31

# Copenhagen, sentence 31

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Copenhagen»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The original designation in Old Norse, from which Danish descends, was Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn meaning 'merchants' harbour': the direct corresponding English cognates of this name would be "chapmen's haven", the city's English toponym however was acquired through Low German Kopenhagen.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Danish, original designation, Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn · **What happens:** descend, be, mean, correspond, acquire · **To what, where:** original designation, Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn, harbour, haven, English toponym, Low German

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Copenhagen». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Danish, original designation, Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Copenhagen:31
# text = The original designation in Old Norse, from which Danish descends, was Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn meaning 'merchants' harbour': the direct corresponding English cognates of this name would be "chapmen's haven", the city's English toponym however was acquired through Low German Kopenhagen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	designation	designation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
10	Danish	Danish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	descends	descend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	Kaupmannahǫfn	Kaupmannahǫfn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn	ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
16	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	corresponding	correspond	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	amod	_	_
26	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	cognates	cognate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	cop	_	_
33	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	chapmen	chapman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	's	's	PART	POS	_	34	case	_	_
36	haven	haven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	's	's	PART	POS	_	40	case	_	_
42	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	toponym	toponym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
44	however	however	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
45	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux:pass	_	_
46	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	43	acl	_	_
47	through	through	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	Low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
50	Kopenhagen	Kopenhagen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present | Danish |  |  | the original designation in Old Norse |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from which=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the original designation in Old Norse | Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn and the direct corresponding English cognates of this name and the city's English toponym |  |  |  | the direct corresponding English cognates of this name and the city's English toponym *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn and the direct corresponding English cognates of this name and the city's English toponym *not said here* | merchants's harbour |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harbour=Topic |
| 4 | **correspond** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | would |  | chapmen's haven |  |  |  | chapmen *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 6 | **acquire** | past · passive |  | the city's English toponym *not said here* |  | Low German |  | however *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Copenhagen», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Copenhagen/30/)
- next →: [sentence 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Copenhagen/32/)
- ↑ back to [Copenhagen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Copenhagen/)