---
title: Since 1999, tourism earns more foreign exchange than the combined ex… — Costa Rica · tree and pragmatics
description: Since 1999, tourism earns more foreign exchange than the combined exports of the country's three main cash crops: bananas and pineapples especially, but also other crops, including coffee. Who acts: tourism. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Costa Rica» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Costa Rica, sentence 178

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From Wikipedia, [«Costa Rica»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since 1999, tourism earns more foreign exchange than the combined exports of the country's three main cash crops: bananas and pineapples especially, but also other crops, including coffee.

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**Who acts:** tourism · **What happens:** earn, combine · **To what, where:** foreign exchange

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Costa Rica». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tourism), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Costa_Rica:178
# text = Since 1999, tourism earns more foreign exchange than the combined exports of the country's three main cash crops: bananas and pineapples especially, but also other crops, including coffee.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1999	1999	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	tourism	tourism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	earns	earn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	exchange	exchange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	combined	combine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	exports	export	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
18	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	cash	cash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
22	bananas	banana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	pineapples	pineapple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	also	also	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
29	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	including	including	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **earn** | present | tourism | foreign exchange |  |  | since 1999 | than the combined exports of the country's three main cash crops and bananas and pineapples; other crops and coffee *obl* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exchange=Theme |
| 2 | **combine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Costa Rica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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