---
title: These were small and scattered, although the timing of the transitio… — Costa Rica · tree and pragmatics
description: These were small and scattered, although the timing of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture as the main livelihood in the territory is still unknown. Who acts: These, transition, timing. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Costa Rica» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Costa Rica, sentence 22

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From Wikipedia, [«Costa Rica»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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These were small and scattered, although the timing of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture as the main livelihood in the territory is still unknown.

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**Who acts:** These, transition, timing · **What happens:** be, scatter, hunt, gather

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Costa Rica». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, transition, timing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Costa_Rica:22
# text = These were small and scattered, although the timing of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture as the main livelihood in the territory is still unknown.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
7	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	timing	timing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	transition	transition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	livelihood	livelihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	still	still	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | These |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **scatter** | participle | These *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hunt** | gerund | the transition *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gather** | gerund | the transition *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to agriculture; as the main livelihood in the territory | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to agriculture=Co-Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | the timing of the transition |  |  |  | still | unknown *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Costa Rica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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