---
title: By 2012, piracy in the Gulf of Guinea had significantly decreased tr… — Cotonou · tree and pragmatics
description: By 2012, piracy in the Gulf of Guinea had significantly decreased trade at the port of Cotonou. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cotonou» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cotonou, sentence 45

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From Wikipedia, [«Cotonou»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotonou), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By 2012, piracy in the Gulf of Guinea had significantly decreased trade at the port of Cotonou.

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**What happens:** decrease · **To what, where:** piracy, port

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cotonou». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cotonou:45
# text = By 2012, piracy in the Gulf of Guinea had significantly decreased trade at the port of Cotonou.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2012	2012	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	piracy	piracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Gulf	Gulf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	significantly	significantly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	decreased	decrease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Cotonou	Cotonou	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decrease** | past · perfect |  | piracy in the Gulf of Guinea |  | the port of Cotonou |  | by 2012; trade *obj*; significantly *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer trade=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cotonou», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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