---
title: Since the 1990s, Croatia has had unresolved border disputes througho… — Croatia · tree and pragmatics
description: Since the 1990s, Croatia has had unresolved border disputes throughout Southeast Europe, namely with Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Slovenia. Who acts: Croatia. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Croatia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Croatia, sentence 251

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From Wikipedia, [«Croatia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since the 1990s, Croatia has had unresolved border disputes throughout Southeast Europe, namely with Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Slovenia.

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**Who acts:** Croatia · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** unresolved border disputes

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Croatia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Croatia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Croatia:251
# text = Since the 1990s, Croatia has had unresolved border disputes throughout Southeast Europe, namely with Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Slovenia.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	1990s	1990s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Croatia	Croatia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	unresolved	unresolved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	namely	namely	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Serbia	Serbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Bosnia	Bosnia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Herzegovina	Herzegovina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Montenegro	Montenegro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	Slovenia	Slovenia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · perfect | Croatia | unresolved border disputes |  |  | since the 1990s; throughout Southeast Europe | with Serbia and Herzegovina and Montenegro; Slovenia *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dispute=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Croatia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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