---
title: Since signing a defense pact with Belarus in January 2024, Cuba has… — Cuba · tree and pragmatics
description: Since signing a defense pact with Belarus in January 2024, Cuba has upgraded its S-125 Pechora air defense systems with Belarusian support, but it does not have a modern networked air defense system. Who acts: Cuba, Pact. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cuba» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cuba, sentence 382

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From Wikipedia, [«Cuba»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since signing a defense pact with Belarus in January 2024, Cuba has upgraded its S-125 Pechora air defense systems with Belarusian support, but it does not have a modern networked air defense system.

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**Who acts:** Cuba, Pact · **What happens:** sign, upgrade, not have, network · **To what, where:** defense pact, S, modern networked defense system

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cuba». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cuba, Pact), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cuba:382
# text = Since signing a defense pact with Belarus in January 2024, Cuba has upgraded its S-125 Pechora air defense systems with Belarusian support, but it does not have a modern networked air defense system.
1	Since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	signing	sign	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	defense	defense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pact	pact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Belarus	Belarus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	2024	2024	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	Cuba	Cuba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	upgraded	upgrade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	S	S	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	125	125	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	appos	_	_
19	Pechora	Pechora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	defense	defense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	systems	system	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	Belarusian	belarusian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	parataxis	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
33	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
34	networked	network	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	amod	_	_
35	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	defense	defense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | gerund | Cuba *not said here* | a defense pact |  |  |  | with Belarus | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent pact=Destination with belarus=Theme |
| 2 | **upgrade** | present · perfect | Cuba | Pact's S |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent s=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | Pact | a modern networked defense system |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Patient |
| 4 | **network** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cuba», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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