---
title: Lucumí, a dialect of the West African language Yoruba, is also used… — Cuba · tree and pragmatics
description: Lucumí, a dialect of the West African language Yoruba, is also used as a liturgical language by practitioners of Santería, and so only as a second language. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cuba» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cuba, sentence 528

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From Wikipedia, [«Cuba»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Lucumí, a dialect of the West African language Yoruba, is also used as a liturgical language by practitioners of Santería, and so only as a second language.

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**What happens:** use · **To what, where:** Lucumí

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cuba». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cuba:528
# text = Lucumí, a dialect of the West African language Yoruba, is also used as a liturgical language by practitioners of Santería, and so only as a second language.
1	Lucumí	Lucumí	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	Yoruba	Yoruba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	also	also	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	liturgical	liturgical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Santería	Santería	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
26	only	only	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
27	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	30	amod	_	_
30	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Lucumí |  |  |  | as a liturgical language by practitioners of Santería; as a second language | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as language=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cuba», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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