---
title: The Turkish air force began bombing Greek positions in Cyprus, and h… — Cyprus · tree and pragmatics
description: The Turkish air force began bombing Greek positions in Cyprus, and hundreds of paratroopers were dropped in the area between Nicosia and Kyrenia, where well-armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves had been long-established; while off the Kyrenia coast, Turkish troop ships landed 6,000 men as well as tanks, t
---

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# Cyprus, sentence 174

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From Wikipedia, [«Cyprus»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Turkish air force began bombing Greek positions in Cyprus, and hundreds of paratroopers were dropped in the area between Nicosia and Kyrenia, where well-armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves had been long-established; while off the Kyrenia coast, Turkish troop ships landed 6,000 men as well as tanks, trucks and armoured vehicles.

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**Who acts:** Turkish air force, Turkish troop ships · **What happens:** begin, bomb, drop, establish, land · **To what, where:** Greek positions, Cyprus, hundreds, area, armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves, 6,000 men

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cyprus». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turkish air force, Turkish troop ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cyprus:174
# text = The Turkish air force began bombing Greek positions in Cyprus, and hundreds of paratroopers were dropped in the area between Nicosia and Kyrenia, where well-armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves had been long-established; while off the Kyrenia coast, Turkish troop ships landed 6,000 men as well as tanks, trucks and armoured vehicles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Turkish	Turkish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	bombing	bomb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	positions	position	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Cyprus	Cyprus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	paratroopers	paratrooper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	dropped	drop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	between	between	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Nicosia	Nicosia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Kyrenia	Kyrenia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
26	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	37	advmod	_	_
27	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	37	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
30	Turkish	Turkish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
31	Cypriot	Cypriot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	enclaves	enclave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
34	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	37	aux:pass	_	_
35	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
39	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
40	off	off	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	Kyrenia	Kyrenia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
43	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
45	Turkish	Turkish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
46	troop	troop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nsubj	_	_
48	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
49	6,000	6000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	50	nummod	_	_
50	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obj	_	_
51	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	54	cc	_	_
52	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	51	fixed	_	_
53	as	as	ADP	IN	_	51	fixed	_	_
54	tanks	tank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
56	trucks	truck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	conj	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
58	armoured	armoured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Turkish air force |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bomb** | gerund | the Turkish air force *not said here* | Greek positions |  | Cyprus |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Patient |
| 3 | **drop** | past · passive |  | hundreds of paratroopers |  | the area between Nicosia and Kyrenia |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in area=Destination |
| 4 | **establish** | past · perfect · passive |  | armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves |  |  |  | well *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **land** | past | Turkish troop ships |  | 6,000 men |  |  | off the Kyrenia coast; tanks and trucks and armoured vehicles *conj* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V ADVP»: agent=Theme man=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cyprus», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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