---
title: Through overseas trade, the island has given its name to the Classic… — Cyprus · tree and pragmatics
description: Through overseas trade, the island has given its name to the Classical Latin word for copper through the phrase aes Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum. Who acts: phrase, trade. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cyprus» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cyprus, sentence 32

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From Wikipedia, [«Cyprus»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Through overseas trade, the island has given its name to the Classical Latin word for copper through the phrase aes Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum.

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**Who acts:** phrase, trade · **What happens:** give, ae, shorten, name · **To what, where:** island, overseas trade, Cyprium, Cuprum

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cyprus». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (phrase, trade), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cyprus:32
# text = Through overseas trade, the island has given its name to the Classical Latin word for copper through the phrase aes Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum.
1	Through	through	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	overseas	overseas	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	Classical	classical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	through	through	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	aes	ae	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
22	Cyprium	Cyprium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Cyprus	Cyprus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	31	advmod	_	_
31	shortened	shorten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Cuprum	Cuprum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · perfect · passive |  | the island |  | overseas trade |  | to the Classical Latin word for copper; trade's name *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient name=Theme |
| 2 | **ae** | present | the phrase | Cyprium |  |  |  | metal of Cyprus *appos* | tree rules |
| 3 | **shorten** | past | the phrase *not said here* |  | Cuprum |  |  | late *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **name** |  | trade |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cyprus», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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