---
title: The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Gorée off the… — Dakar · tree and pragmatics
description: The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Gorée off the coast of Cap-Vert and used it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade. Who acts: Portuguese. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Dakar» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Dakar, sentence 5

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From Wikipedia, [«Dakar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Gorée off the coast of Cap-Vert and used it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade.

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**Who acts:** Portuguese · **What happens:** establish, use · **To what, where:** presence, island, Portuguese

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Dakar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Dakar:5
# text = The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Gorée off the coast of Cap-Vert and used it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	established	establish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Gorée	Gorée	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Cap	Cap	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Vert	Vert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
27	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past | the Portuguese | a presence |  | the island of Gorée |  | off the coast of Cap and Vert | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent presence=Theme on island=Source |
| 2 | **use** | past | the Portuguese *not said here* | Portuguese |  |  |  | as a base; for the Atlantic slave trade | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Duration as base=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Dakar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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