--- title: Dakar — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Dakar», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Dakar (/dɑːˈkɑːr,_dæ-/ UK also: /'dækɑːr/; dakaʁ; Ndakaaru) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dakar/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Dakar # Dakar · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Dakar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dakar/) **2** ## Administration The city of Dakar is a [commune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commune_%28subnational_entity%29) (also sometimes known as commune de ville), one of the 125 communes of Senegal.[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune of Dakar was created by the French colonial administration on 17 June 1887, by detaching it from the commune of [Gorée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorée).[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune of Gorée, created in 1872, was itself one of the oldest Western-style municipalities in Africa (along with the municipalities of [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria) [corpus](../../../Algeria/ "in our corpus") and [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa) [corpus](../../../South_Africa/ "in our corpus")).[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune of Dakar has been in continuous existence since 1887, being preserved by the new state of Senegal after independence in 1960, although its limits have varied considerably over time.[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") The limits of the commune of Dakar have been unchanged since 1983.[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune of Dakar is ruled by a democratically elected municipal council (conseil municipal) serving five years, and a mayor elected by the municipal council.[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") There have been 20 mayors in Dakar since 1887.[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") The first black mayor was [Blaise Diagne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Diagne), mayor of Dakar from 1924 to 1934.[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") The longest-serving mayor was [Mamadou Diop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou_Diop_%28politician%29), mayor for 18 years between 1984 and 2002.[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune of Dakar is also a [department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_%28country_subdivision%29), one of the 45 [departments of Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_Senegal).[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") This situation is quite similar to [Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris) [corpus](../../../Paris/ "in our corpus"), which is both a commune and a department.[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") However, contrary to French departments, departments in Senegal have no political power (no departmental assembly), and are merely local administrative structures of the central state, in charge of carrying out some administrative services as well as controlling the activities of the communes within the department.[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") The department of Dakar is divided into four [arrondissements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Senegal): [Almadies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almadies_Arrondissement), [Grand Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Dakar_Arrondissement), [Parcelles Assainies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcelles_Assainies_Arrondissement) (which literally means "drained lots"; this is the most populous arrondissement of Dakar), and [Plateau/Gorée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau/Gorée_Arrondissement) (downtown Dakar).[\[27\]](../../page/2/#ref-27 "note 27")[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") These arrondissements are quite different from the [arrondissements of Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Paris), being merely local administrative structures of the central state, like the Senegalese departments, and are thus more comparable to French [departmental arrondissements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissement_in_France).[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1996, a massive reform of the administrative and political divisions of Senegal was voted by the Parliament of Senegal.[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune of Dakar, whose population approached 1 million inhabitants, was deemed too large and too populated to be properly managed by a central municipality, and thus on August 30, 1996, Dakar was divided into 19 communes d'arrondissement.[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") These communes d'arrondissement were given extensive powers and are very much like regular communes.[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") They have more powers than the arrondissements of Paris and are more akin to the [London boroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_borough).[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune of Dakar was maintained above these 19 communes d'arrondissement, and it coordinates the activities of the communes d'arrondissement, much as [Greater London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London) coordinates the activities of the London boroughs.[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") The 19 communes d'arrondissement belong to either of the four arrondissements of Dakar, and the [sous-préfet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefect) of each arrondissement is in charge of controlling the activities of the communes d'arrondissement in his arrondissement.[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune d'arrondissement of [Dakar-Plateau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar-Plateau) (34,626 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée, is the historical heart of the city, and most ministries and public administrations are located there.[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") The densest and most populous commune d'arrondissement is Médina (136,697 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée.[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") The commune d'arrondissement of [Yoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoff) (55,995 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Almadies, is the largest one, while the smallest one is the commune d'arrondissement of [Île de Gorée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorée) (1,034 inhabitants), in the arrondissement of Plateau/Gorée.[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") Dakar is one of the 14 [régions of Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Senegal).[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") The Dakar région encompasses the city of Dakar and all its suburbs along the [Cape Verde Peninsula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Vert).[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") Its territory is thus roughly the same as the territory of the metropolitan area of Dakar.[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") Since the administrative reforms of 1996, the régions of Senegal, which until then were merely local administrative structures of the central state, have been turned into full-fledged political units, with democratically elected regional councils, and regional presidents.[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") They were given extensive powers, and manage economic development, transportation, or environmental protection issues at the regional level, thus coordinating the actions of the communes below them.[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Notable sites The city of Dakar is a member of the [Organization of World Heritage Cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_World_Heritage_Cities) and contains several landmarks.[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the most notable is [Deux Mamelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deux_Mamelles), twin hills located in [Ouakam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouakam) commune.[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") The hills are the only high ground in the city, providing views of the entire area and sweeping views of the city.[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") The first hill is topped with [Mamelles Lighthouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Mamelles_Lighthouse) built in 1864.[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") The second hill has the newly completed [African Renaissance Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Renaissance_Monument) built on top, which is considered the [tallest statue in Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues).[\[28\]](../../page/2/#ref-28 "note 28")[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") Other landmarks of the city include the [medina quarter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina_quarter) located in [Médina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Médina,_Dakar) commune.[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") Médina is originally built as a township for local populace during the French colonial era.[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") Today, it is a traditional commercial center packed with tailors' shops.[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") The most notable street market is Soumbédioune, which is also a major tourist attraction.[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") The quarter also houses [Dakar Grand Mosque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar_Grand_Mosque) at the heart of the commune, which is built in 1964 and one of the prominent landmarks of the city.[\[29\]](../../page/2/#ref-29 "note 29")[\[30\]](../../page/2/#ref-30 "note 30")[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") Dakar is flanked by four small islands, île de Yoff, Île de N'Gor, [Îles de la Madeleine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Îles_de_la_Madeleine_%28Senegal%29) and [Île de Gorée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorée).[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") Île de [N'Gor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngor,_Dakar) is on the northern shore of N'Gor commune, with beaches providing attractions such as surfing.[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") N'Gor commune also has other popular beach resorts such as Plage de N'Gor.[\[31\]](../../page/2/#ref-31 "note 31")[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") Île de Gorée, formerly a slave island, is today a [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO) [World Heritage Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site) which preserves the colonial era architectures and facilities.[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") Some notable places on the island include the Gorée Memorial, which is a memorial for the slaves, and the [House of Slaves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Slaves), which is a museum dedicated to the [Atlantic slave trade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade).[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") Today, the island is also hosting the art scene of the hundreds of local artists who line up their works at the outdoor exhibitions.[\[32\]](../../page/2/#ref-32 "note 32")[\[33\]](../../page/2/#ref-33 "note 33")[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") Some other notable places include Layen Mausoleum which entombs the founder of the [Layene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layene) Sufi tariqa, Palais Présidentiel which is the seat of the government constructed in 1907,[\[34\]](../../page/2/#ref-34 "note 34") Place de l'Indépendance which is the central square of Dakar, [Dakar Cathedral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Victories_Cathedral,_Dakar), and [Cheikh Anta Diop University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheikh_Anta_Diop_University) also known as the [University of Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Dakar), which was established in 1957.[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Places of worship The most common [places of worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Places_of_worship) in Dakar are [Muslim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam) mosques.[\[35\]](../../page/2/#ref-35 "note 35")[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") There are also [Christian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity) churches: [Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Dakar) ([Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church)), [Assemblies of God](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblies_of_God), [Universal Church of the Kingdom of God](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God).[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") Dakar was selected as the Capital of Islamic Culture for African Region for the year 2007 by the [Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization) (ISESCO), honoring its Islamic heritage.[\[36\]](../../page/2/#ref-36 "note 36")[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") ISESCO and its parent organization [Organization of Islamic Cooperation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (OIC) have held several regional and international conferences in the city,[\[37\]](../../page/2/#ref-37 "note 37") best known for adoption of Dakar Declaration in 1991, which aimed at fostering cooperation between the member states.[\[38\]](../../page/2/#ref-38 "note 38")[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") Dakar is also known as the birthplace of the [Layene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layene) Brotherhood, a [Sufi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi) [tariqa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariqa) founded by [Seydina Mouhammadou Limamou Laye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seydina_Mouhammadou_Limamou_Laye) in 1883 at the commune of Yoff.[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") Seydina is buried in the Layen Mausoleum, which is among the major landmarks of Dakar.[\[39\]](../../page/2/#ref-39 "note 39")[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") Today, Layene Brotherhood is consisted mostly of the [Lebou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebou) people and based in the Cap-Vert area.[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") It is also the third-biggest Sufi order in Senegal.[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") Prominent worshiping sites for Muslims in Dakar include the Grand Mosque of Dakar, built in 1964, which is situated at Allée Pape Gueye Fall of Medina, the [Mosque of Divinity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque_of_Divinity), constructed in 1973, situated in Ouakam, with the characteristic triangular windows, and Omarienne Mosque with [minarets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minaret) topped by green orbs.[\[33\]](../../page/2/#ref-33 "note 33")[\[40\]](../../page/2/#ref-40 "note 40")[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture In [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal) [corpus](../../../Senegal/ "in our corpus"), the traditional culture is very centred around the idea of family.[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") This even includes the way that they eat.[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") When it is time to eat a typical meal, someone will say "kay lekk" which means 'come eat'.[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") Everyone will come together and sit around the plate and eat with their hands.[\[41\]](../../page/2/#ref-41 "note 41")[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") Some famous dishes include Cebbu Jën (Tiéboudienne) and Yassa.[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") The etiquette of people in Dakar is very simple but very vital.[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") To not greet someone upon sight is to portray rudeness and oftentimes ignorance.[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") Due to French colonialism, the children of Dakar have a unique school system.[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") The school will get a break at about midday and return home to get some rest.[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") Since the population is majority Muslim, there are numerous daily Islamic activities ongoing, such as participating in noon prayer at the nearest mosque and attending the local mosque on Fridays.[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") Music has a big influence on the youth, with famous artists like Daara J Family who use their voice to represent the problems in their communities.[\[42\]](../../page/2/#ref-42 "note 42")[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") Dakar is home to multiple national and international festivals, like [World Festival of Black Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Festival_of_Black_Arts), Festival international du film de quartier de Dakar, [Dakar Biennale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar_Biennale).[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") It was also the location of [Taf Taf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taf_Taf), an international [artist residency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist_residency) program.[\[43\]](../../page/2/#ref-43 "note 43")[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") Further information: [Association générale des étudiants français en Afrique noire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_générale_des_étudiants_français_en_Afrique_noire) ### Museums - [IFAN Museum of African Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFAN_Museum_of_African_Arts) or Musee Theodore Monod[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Henriette-Bathily Women's Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette-Bathily_Women%27s_Museum)[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") - [House of Slaves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Slaves)[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") - Village des Arts[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") - Parc Forestier et Zoologique de Hann, aka the Senegal Zoo[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Museum of Black Civilisations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Black_Civilisations)[\[44\]](../../page/2/#ref-44 "note 44")[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Dynamic Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Museum)[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Sports Sports club [AS Douanes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_Douanes_%28Senegal%29) are based in [Sicap-Liberté](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicap-Liberté); they play in the [Senegal Premier League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_Premier_League) and previously won the [2014–15 Ligue 1 (Senegal)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014–15_Ligue_1_%28Senegal%29) season.[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") Dakar used to be the finishing point of the [Dakar Rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar_Rally) until 2007, before the event was moved to [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America) for the security concerns in [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania) [corpus](../../../Mauritania/ "in our corpus").[\[45\]](../../page/2/#ref-45 "note 45")[165](../../165/ "tree and pragmatics") Dakar was set to host the 2022 edition of the [Youth Summer Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_Summer_Olympics), however, the games have been postponed to [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics), it will be the first Olympic event to ever be held in Africa.[\[46\]](../../page/2/#ref-46 "note 46")[166](../../166/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transport The [Conseil Exécutif des Transports Urbains Durables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_Exécutif_des_Transports_Urbains_Durables) (CETUD) was founded in 1997 to coordinate transportation in the Dakar region.[\[47\]](../../page/2/#ref-47 "note 47")[167](../../167/ "tree and pragmatics") A 2021 study by CETUD revealed that the national economy suffers an annual loss of nearly CFA francs 900 billion (approximately US$1.4 billion) as a result of poor air quality, traffic congestion, hazardous roads, and noise pollution.[168](../../168/ "tree and pragmatics") This represents nearly 6% of the country's yearly GDP.[\[48\]](../../page/2/#ref-48 "note 48")[169](../../169/ "tree and pragmatics") The town is home to the [Autonomous Port of Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Port_of_Dakar) and the terminus of the non-functioning [Dakar-Niger railroad line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar-Niger_railroad_line).[170](../../170/ "tree and pragmatics") Three [Trans-African Highways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-African_Highway_network) (TAHs) start from Dakar: the [Cairo-Dakar Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo–Dakar_Highway) (TAH 1), the [Dakar-Ndjamena Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Sahelian_Highway) (TAH 5), and the [Dakar-Lagos Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans–West_African_Coastal_Highway) (TAH 7).[171](../../171/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Train Express Regional Dakar-AIBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_Express_Regional_Dakar-AIBD) (TER) will connect Dakar with [Blaise Diagne International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Diagne_International_Airport) (AIBD).[172](../../172/ "tree and pragmatics") An initial 36 km will link Dakar to Diamniadio and a second phase of 19 km would connect Dakar to the Blaise Diagne airport.[173](../../173/ "tree and pragmatics") A total of 14 train stations will be served and the fastest end-to-end journey will take 45 minutes.[174](../../174/ "tree and pragmatics") The railway is expected to carry 115,000 passengers per day.[175](../../175/ "tree and pragmatics") The TER's first test run launched on 14 January 2019 and the first passenger train ran in December 2021.[\[49\]](../../page/2/#ref-49 "note 49")[\[50\]](../../page/2/#ref-50 "note 50")[\[51\]](../../page/2/#ref-51 "note 51")[176](../../176/ "tree and pragmatics") The city has a 100% electric [bus rapid transit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit) (BRT) network: [Sunu BRT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunu_BRT), which currently has two routes in operation, with two more planned.[\[52\]](../../page/2/#ref-52 "note 52")[\[53\]](../../page/2/#ref-53 "note 53")[177](../../177/ "tree and pragmatics") The electric bus fleet consists of 144 articulated e-buses, dedicated right-of-way and 32 feeder bus routes.[\[53\]](../../page/2/#ref-53 "note 53")[178](../../178/ "tree and pragmatics") The construction of the Dakar BRT was funded by the World Bank and the European Investment Bank, and the Government of Senegal.[\[54\]](../../page/2/#ref-54 "note 54")[\[53\]](../../page/2/#ref-53 "note 53")[179](../../179/ "tree and pragmatics") The bus fleet was financed, acquired, and is operated by the private sector under a 15-year concession agreement established in 2021.[180](../../180/ "tree and pragmatics") The private sector entity, Dakar Mobilité, is a partnership between Meridiam and the Fonds d'Investissement du Sénégal.[\[53\]](../../page/2/#ref-53 "note 53")[181](../../181/ "tree and pragmatics") The BRT development created 1,000 direct jobs, 35-45% of which were roles for women.[\[55\]](../../page/2/#ref-55 "note 55")[182](../../182/ "tree and pragmatics") The BRT system is expected to carry approximately 300,000 passengers per day and reduce travel times from 95 to 45 minutes[\[56\]](../../page/2/#ref-56 "note 56")[\[57\]](../../page/2/#ref-57 "note 57") After the development of the system, 69% of the city's population can access the city centre in under an hour, compared with just 12% before the BRT.[\[58\]](../../page/2/#ref-58 "note 58")[183](../../183/ "tree and pragmatics") [Blaise Diagne International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Diagne_International_Airport) is the city's international airport; it handles flights by several airlines, including [Air France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_France), [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines), [Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Airline) and [Emirates Sky Cargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Sky_Cargo), [Iberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberia_Airlines), [TAP Air Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAP_Air_Portugal) and [Turkish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Airlines), and is the hub of Senegal's flag carrier, [Air Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Senegal).[184](../../184/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Notable people - [Abdoulaye Faye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdoulaye_Faye), footballer[185](../../185/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Akon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akon), R&B singer[186](../../186/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Awa Fall-Diop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awa_Fall-Diop_%28activist%29), human rights activist[187](../../187/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Baaba Maal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaba_Maal), singer and guitarist[188](../../188/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Babacar Khane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babacar_Khane), yoga practitioner[189](../../189/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Boris Diaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Diaw), basketball player[190](../../190/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Bouna Coundoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouna_Coundoul), footballer[191](../../191/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Bouaré Fily Sissoko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouaré_Fily_Sissoko), politician[192](../../192/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Cheikh Anta Diop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheikh_Anta_Diop), Historian, anthropologist, physicist, politician [Cheikh Anta Diop University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheikh_Anta_Diop_University)[193](../../193/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mantoulaye Guene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantoulaye_Guene), politician and Minister of Social Development[194](../../194/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Cheikh Samb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheikh_Samb), basketball player[195](../../195/ "tree and pragmatics") - [DeSagana Diop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSagana_Diop), former basketball player, head coach of the [Westchester Knicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westchester_Knicks)[196](../../196/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Didier Raoult](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Raoult), microbiologist and virologist, was born in Dakar in 1952[197](../../197/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fatou Samba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatou_Samba), member of South Korean girl group [Blackswan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackswan)[198](../../198/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Hamady N'Diaye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamady_N%27Diaye), basketball player[199](../../199/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ibou Badji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibou_Badji), basketball player[200](../../200/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ibrahim Ba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Ba), former footballer[201](../../201/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ismaël Lô](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaël_Lô), singer-songwriter[202](../../202/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Idrissa Gueye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrissa_Gueye), footballer[203](../../203/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Issa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issa_%28Senegalese_singer%29), R&B singer[204](../../204/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Khaby Lame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaby_Lame), influencer[205](../../205/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mamadou Amadou Ly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou_Amadou_Ly), educational nonprofit executive[206](../../206/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Macoumba Kandji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macoumba_Kandji), footballer[207](../../207/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mamadou N'Diaye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou_N%27Diaye_%28basketball,_born_1975%29), former basketball player for [Auburn University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn_Tigers_men%27s_basketball) and the [Toronto Raptors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Raptors)[208](../../208/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mame Biram Diouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mame_Biram_Diouf), footballer[209](../../209/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Marc Lièvremont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Lièvremont), former [rugby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union) player and former head coach of the [France national rugby union team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team)[210](../../210/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Marcel Lefebvre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre), Founder of the [SSPX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSPX), Apostolic delegate to Pope [Pius XII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_XII), and [Archbishop of Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Dakar).[211](../../211/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mbaye Diagne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbaye_Diagne), United Nations military observer and hero during the Rwandan genocide[212](../../212/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mouhamed Gueye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouhamed_Gueye), basketball player[213](../../213/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ofeibea Quist-Arcton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofeibea_Quist-Arcton), foreign correspondent for NPR News[214](../../214/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Orchestra Baobab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra_Baobab)[215](../../215/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ousmane Barro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousmane_Barro), basketball player[216](../../216/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Papa Amadou Kante](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Amadou_Kante), basketball player[217](../../217/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Papa Bouba Diop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bouba_Diop), former footballer[218](../../218/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Pape Paté Diouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape_Paté_Diouf), football player[219](../../219/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Papiss Cisse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiss_Cisse), footballer[220](../../220/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Patrice Evra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Evra), former footballer,[221](../../221/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Patrick Vieira](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Vieira), former footballer[222](../../222/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Pélagie Gbaguidi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pélagie_Gbaguidi), contemporary artist[223](../../223/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sadio Mane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadio_Mane), footballer[224](../../224/ "tree and pragmatics") - [N'Goné Fall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Goné_Fall), cultural consultant[225](../../225/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Serigne Mbaye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigne_Mbaye_%28chef%29), American chef who attended boarding school in Dakar[226](../../226/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sheck Wes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheck_Wes), rapper, songwriter, model[227](../../227/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ségolène Royal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ségolène_Royal), French politician born in Dakar[228](../../228/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Souleyman Sané](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souleyman_Sané), former footballer[229](../../229/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tacko Fall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacko_Fall), basketball player[230](../../230/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Thione Seck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thione_Seck), singer and songwriter[231](../../231/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Wasis Diop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasis_Diop), musician[232](../../232/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Youssou N'Dour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour), singer and percussionist[233](../../233/ "tree and pragmatics") ## International relations Main article: [List\_of\_twin\_towns\_and\_sister\_cities\_in\_Africa § Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Senegal) Dakar is [twinned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities) with:[\[59\]](../../page/2/#ref-59 "note 59")[234](../../234/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ann Arbor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor), [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan), United States[235](../../235/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Baku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku) [corpus](../../../Baku/ "in our corpus"), Azerbaijan[\[60\]](../../page/2/#ref-60 "note 60")[\[61\]](../../page/2/#ref-61 "note 61")[236](../../236/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Douala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douala), Cameroon[237](../../237/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Isfahan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan), Iran[238](../../238/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Melbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne), Australia[239](../../239/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Milan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan), Italy[\[62\]](../../page/2/#ref-62 "note 62")[240](../../240/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Oran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oran), Algeria[241](../../241/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rangpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangpur,_Bangladesh), Bangladesh[242](../../242/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rosario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosario), Argentina[\[63\]](../../page/2/#ref-63 "note 63")[243](../../243/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissau) [corpus](../../../Bissau/ "in our corpus"), Guinea-Bissau[244](../../244/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei) [corpus](../../../Taipei/ "in our corpus"), Taiwan[245](../../245/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) [corpus](../../../Washington,_D.C./ "in our corpus"), United States[\[64\]](../../page/2/#ref-64 "note 64")[246](../../246/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Bibliography See also: [Timeline of Dakar § Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Dakar#Bibliography) - Boulegue, Jean (2013). "[247](../../247/ "tree and pragmatics") Les royaumes wolof dans l'espace sénégambien (XIIIe-XVIIIe siècle)".[248](../../248/ "tree and pragmatics") Karthala Editions.[249](../../249/ "tree and pragmatics") ## External links [Dakar official website](https://web.archive.org/web/20180701000000*/http://www.villededakar.org/) (archived) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dakar/) **2** ## References {#references} 1\. "[climatemps.com](http://www.dakar.climatemps.com/map.php)". 2\. [Senegal: Administrative Division](https://www.citypopulation.de/en/senegal/admin/) 3\. "[Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab](https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/)". *hdi.globaldatalab.org*. 4\. "[Dakar](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/dakar)". *Cambridge Dictionary*. ("Definition of Dakar from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press") 5\. "[Dakar – definition of Dakar](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Dakar)". *The Free Dictionary*. /dəˈkɑːr,\_dɑːˈkɑːr,\_ˈdækər/ "[Define Dakar](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Dakar)". 6\. Roger J., Banton O., Barusseau J.-P., Castaigne P., Comte J.-C., Duvail C., Nehlig P., Noël B. J., Serrano O., Travi Y., *Notice explicative de la cartographie multi-couches à 1/50 000 et 1/20 000 de la zone d'activité du Cap-Vert*, Ministère des Mines, de l'Industrie et des PME, Direction des Mines et de la Géologie, Dakar, 245 p., 2009d. 7\. [Dinis Dias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinis_Dias) doubled Cap-Vert in 1444, but it is unclear if he sailed into the bay itself. [Álvaro Fernandes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Álvaro_Fernandes) anchored at the uninhabited island of Goree and lured and captured two natives off a Lebou fishing canoe before being driven off. The large slaving fleet of [Lançarote de Freitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lançarote_de_Freitas) anchored in the bay, but their attempts to reach the mainland shore were fended off by missile fire and took no captives. The subsequent fleets of Estêvão Afonso (1446) and Valarte (1447) stopped briefly at Goree, but were also fended off and took no captives. In the aftermath, Prince [Henry the Navigator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator) suspended all Portuguese expeditions beyond Cap-Vert for nearly a decade. There are no more recorded attempts until contact was made in 1456. (As reported in the 1453 chronicle of [Gomes Eanes de Zurara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomes_Eanes_de_Zurara)) 8\. B.W. Diffie and G.D. Winius (1977) *Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415–1580* Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp.83-85 9\. A. Teixeira da Mota (1946) "A descoberta da Guiné", *Boletim cultural da Guiné Portuguesa*, Vol. 1. No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326. 10\. A. Teixeira da Mota (1968) "Ilha de Santiago e Angra de Bezeguiche, escalas da carreira da India", *Do tempo e da historia*, Lisbon, v.3, pp.141-49. 11\. Vespucci's letter from Bezeguiche is reproduced in F.A. de Varnhagen (1865) *Amerigo Vespucci*, pp.78-82. 12\. Boulegue 2013, p. 124. 13\. Boulegue 2013, p. 440. 14\. Boulegue 2013, p. 458. 15\. Boulegue 2013, p. 459-62. 16\. Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, *Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture*, ABC-CLIO, US, 2013, p. 93 17\. Winston Churchill, *The Second World War*, Vol 2 Book II Chapter xxiv 'Dakar'. 18\. John Williams, *The Guns of Dakar: September, 1940* (Heinemann Educational Books, 1976). 19\. Martin Thomas, "The Anglo‐French divorce over West Africa and the limitations of strategic planning, June‐December 1940." *Diplomacy and Statecraft* 6.1 (1995): 252-278. 20\. "[Discours de réception de M. Jean-Claude JUNCKER comme membre associé étranger à l'Académie des Sciences morales et politiques](http://www.geopolitis.net/DOCUMENTS%20SELECTIONNES/DISCOURSJUNCKER.pdf)". 21\. "[Climate Averages for Dakar International Airport, Senegal](https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_616410_kt.pdf)". DWD. 22\. Bastin, Jean-Francois; Clark, Emily; Elliott, Thomas; Hart, Simon; van den Hoogen, Johan; Hordijk, Iris; Ma, Haozhi; Majumder, Sabiha; Manoli, Gabriele (10 July 2019). "Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues". *PLOS ONE*. 23\. "[Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action](https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action)". 24\. "[The CAT Thermometer](https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/)". 25\. Trisos, C.H., I.O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N.P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [Chapter 9: Africa](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf). In [Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/) \[H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)\]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US, pp. 2043–2121 26\. "[Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf)". IPCC. August 2021. 27\. Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie, Government of Senegal (2005). "[Situation économique et sociale du Sénégal Edition 2005](http://www.ansd.org/SES2005.pdf)". 28\. [Les Mamelles – Dakar's Breasts](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/senegal/dakar/in-location/sights/a/nar/7c70cebc-3d0a-4ddb-884a-93817409ddb5/355589). *Lonely Planets*. Retrieved May 4, 2018. 29\. "[Médina \| Senegal \| Sights](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/senegal/dakar/attractions/medina/a/poi-sig/1347424/355589)". *www.lonelyplanet.com*. 30\. "[Grande Mosquée \| Senegal \| Sights](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/senegal/dakar/attractions/grande-mosquee/a/poi-sig/416888/355589)". *www.lonelyplanet.com*. 31\. Planet, Lonely. "[Attractions in Senegal](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/senegal/attractions/a/poi-sig/355585)". *Lonely Planet*. 32\. "[Dakar Art Scene](http://www.travelwithallsenses.com/dakar-art-scene/)". 33\. "[The culture capital of West Africa](https://www.jpost.com/international/the-culture-capital-of-west-africa-450042)". *The Jerusalem Post \| JPost.com*. 3 April 2016. 34\. "[Palais Présidentiel \| Senegal \| Sights](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/senegal/dakar/attractions/palais-presidentiel/a/poi-sig/416906/355589)". *www.lonelyplanet.com*. 35\. J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, *Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices*, ABC-CLIO, US, 2010, p. 2573-2575 36\. [Dakar: Capital of Islamic Culture for African Region for the year 2007](https://www.isesco.org.ma/blog/2015/06/11/dakar-capital-of-islamic-culture-for-african-region-for-the-year-2007/). *ISESCO*. Retrieved May 4, 2018. 37\. [ISESCO and OIC to hold regional workshop in Dakar to examine implementation mechanisms of OIC Media Strategy in Countering Islamophobia and publicize Islam's middle stance among African countries](https://www.isesco.org.ma/blog/2017/10/11/isesco-and-oic-to-hold-regional-workshop-in-dakar-to-examine-implementation-mechanisms-of-oic-media-strategy-in-countering-islamophobia-and-publicize-islams-middle-stance-among-african-countr/) . *ISESCO*. Retrieved May 4, 2018. 38\. "[Dakar Declaration](http://www.ifrc.org/docs/idrl/I643EN.pdf)". IFRC. 39\. "[Layen Mausoleum \| Senegal \| Sights](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/senegal/dakar/attractions/layen-mausoleum/a/poi-sig/416898/355589)". *www.lonelyplanet.com*. 40\. "[Religious Beliefs In Senegal](https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-in-senegal.html)". *WorldAtlas*. 2017-04-25. 41\. "[Senegal – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette](http://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/senegal-guide)". *www.commisceo-global.com*. 42\. "[Hip-hop in Senegal](http://musicinafrica.net/hip-hop-senegal?language=en)". 2015-02-06. 43\. "[Taf taf – yhteisötaiteen residenssi Senegalissa](http://www.turuntaiteilijaseura.fi/taftaf.html)". *Turun taiteilijaseura*. 44\. "[Senegal unveils Museum of Black Civilisations](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46467098)". *BBC News*. December 6, 2018. 45\. "[Motorcycle competitors race away as Dakar Rally leaves Buenos Aires](http://www.clutchandchrome.com/News/0901/News0901005.htm)". Clutch & Chrome. 2009-01-03. 46\. "[Senegal officially awarded 2022 Summer Youth Olympic Games at IOC Session](https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1070831/senegal-officially-awarded-2022-summer-youth-olympic-games-at-ioc-session)". *www.insidethegames.biz*. Oct 8, 2018. 47\. "[CETUD](https://cetud.sn/cetud/)". *CETUD - Conseil Exécutif des Transports Urbains durables*. 48\. Tam, Alphonse (2025-01-07). "[Dakar, Senegal Receives the 2025 Sustainable Transport Award as the STA Program Celebrates 20 Years](https://itdp.org/2025/01/07/dakar-senegal-receives-2025-sustainable-transport-award/)". *Institute for Transportation and Development Policy - Promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide*. 49\. "[Alstom train makes first run in Dakar](https://www.railwaygazette.com/infrastructure/alstom-train-makes-first-run-in-dakar/47882.article)". *Railway Gazette International*. 50\. "[President Sall takes delivery of TER, Dakar's new train service - Journal du Cameroun](https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/president-sall-takes-delivery-of-ter-dakars-new-train-service/)". 51\. Ba, Diadie (December 27, 2021). "[Senegal's new commuter train makes first journey from capital Dakar](https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/senegals-new-commuter-train-makes-first-journey-capital-dakar-2021-12-27/)". *www.reuters.com*. 52\. "[Sunu BRT - Le Bus Rapid Transit entre Dakar à Guédiawaye](https://www.sunubrt.sn/)". *Sunu BRT - Bus Rapid Transit Dakar*. 53\. Tam, Alphonse (2024-03-22). "[Dakar, Senegal's Electric BRT Leads the Way for African Cities](https://itdp.org/2024/03/22/dakar-senegals-electric-brt-leads-the-way-for-african-cities/)". *Institute for Transportation and Development Policy - Promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide*. 54\. "[Senegal's Sall inaugurates e-bus fleet of Dakar public transport network](https://www.africanews.com/2024/01/15/senegals-sall-inaugurates-e-bus-fleet-of-dakar-public-transport-network//)". *Africanews*. 2024-01-15. 55\. Tam, Alphonse (2025-01-07). "[Dakar, Senegal Receives the 2025 Sustainable Transport Award as the STA Program Celebrates 20 Years](https://itdp.org/2025/01/07/dakar-senegal-receives-2025-sustainable-transport-award/)". *Institute for Transportation and Development Policy - Promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide*. 56\. "[The Dakar BRT System's Pioneering Journey Towards Inclusive Electrification in Africa](https://africa.itdp.org/the-dakar-brt-systems-pioneering-journey-towards-inclusive-electrification-in-africa/)". *Institute for Transportation and Development Policy*. 2024-03-11. 57\. "[Dakar Mobilité](https://www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/dakar-mobilite)". *www.proparco.fr*. 58\. Adrian, MALLINSON (2024-01-22). "[100% electric buses for dakar](https://www.systra.com/en/news/100-electric-buses-for-dakar/)". *Group*. 59\. L. Bigon (2009) *A History of Urban Planning in Two West African Colonial Capitals: Residential Segregation in British Lagos and French Dakar, 1850–1930* [Lewiston, New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York): [Edwin Mellen Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press). 60\. "[Twin-cities of Azerbaijan](http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html)". *Azerbaijans.com*. 61\. "[Monument in Dakar, on which "City Baku" was written in Russian and "City Dakar" in French](https://duesseldorfdakarcycling.wordpress.com/2014/08/17/finally-dakar-28-07-2014/)". 2014. 62\. "[Città Gemellate](http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Fcontentlibrary%2FIn+Comune%2FIn+Comune%2FCitt+Gemellate%2F)". Comune di Milano. 63\. "[Town Twinning Agreements](http://www.rosario.gov.ar/mr/mri/www/city-city-program/town-twinning-agreements)". Municipalidad de Rosario – Buenos Aires 711. 64\. "[DC Sister City Agreement](http://os.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/os/publication/attachments/OS_DC_Dakar_Renewal_2006.pdf)". The District of Columbia. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dakar/) **2** - ← previous: [page 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dakar/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)