---
title: Before the beginning of the Syrian civil war, the airport had connec… — Damascus · tree and pragmatics
description: Before the beginning of the Syrian civil war, the airport had connectivity to many Asian, European, African, and, South American cities. Who acts: airport. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Damascus» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Damascus, sentence 479

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From Wikipedia, [«Damascus»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Before the beginning of the Syrian civil war, the airport had connectivity to many Asian, European, African, and, South American cities.

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**Who acts:** airport · **What happens:** have, begin · **To what, where:** connectivity, Syrian civil war

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Damascus». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (airport), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Damascus:479
# text = Before the beginning of the Syrian civil war, the airport had connectivity to many Asian, European, African, and, South American cities.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	Syrian	Syrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
25	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the airport | connectivity |  |  | before the beginning of the Syrian civil war | to many Asian; South American cities *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent connectivity=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** |  |  | the Syrian civil war |  |  |  |  | nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Damascus», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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