--- title: Doha — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 4 description: Wikipedia's «Doha», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Doha (/ˈdoʊhɑː/; الدوحة ædˈdæwħæh, -ˈdoː-) is the capital and largest city, and main financial hub of Qatar. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Doha # Doha · page 4 From Wikipedia, [«Doha»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/3/) **4** [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/5/) ### Modern architecture During the mid-20th century, Qatar saw a transition from traditional building techniques to more modern ones.[263](../../263/ "tree and pragmatics") In the 1950s, a notable change was the adoption of [concrete blocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_block) with shell inclusions.[264](../../264/ "tree and pragmatics") These blocks were primarily produced locally and incorporated a distinctive shelly sand rich in small [gastropod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastropod) remains, a material abundant along Qatar's coastline.[\[143\]](../../page/5/#ref-143 "note 143")[265](../../265/ "tree and pragmatics") As Qatar progressed into the latter half of the 20th century, construction methods evolved, with the use of shell-infused concrete blocks gradually giving way to more standardized building materials.[266](../../266/ "tree and pragmatics") This newer phase of construction is characterized by the use of plain concrete blocks without shell content and [reinforced concrete](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete) structures.[267](../../267/ "tree and pragmatics") New materials such as manufactured wood products including [plywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywood) and metal materials such as [corrugated iron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrugated_iron) were also introduced.[268](../../268/ "tree and pragmatics") This period also saw the widespread adoption of air conditioning systems.[\[143\]](../../page/5/#ref-143 "note 143")[269](../../269/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2011, more than 50 towers were under construction in Doha,[\[120\]](../../page/5/#ref-120 "note 120") the largest of which was the [Doha Convention Center Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Convention_Center_Tower).[\[144\]](../../page/5/#ref-144 "note 144")[270](../../270/ "tree and pragmatics") Constructions were suspended in 2012 following concerns that the tower would impede flight traffic[\[145\]](../../page/5/#ref-145 "note 145") and the site is being redeveloped into a park.[271](../../271/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2014, [Abdullah Al Attiyah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah), a senior government official, announced that Qatar would spend $65bn on new infrastructure projects in upcoming years in preparation for the [2022 FIFA World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup) as well as progressing towards its objectives set out in the [Qatar National Vision 2030](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_National_Vision_2030).[\[146\]](../../page/5/#ref-146 "note 146")[272](../../272/ "tree and pragmatics") [Msheireb Downtown Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msheireb_Downtown_Doha), a 31-hectare development costing an estimated $5bn, was dubbed the largest inner city redevelopment of its kind when launched.[273](../../273/ "tree and pragmatics") Comprising several quarters opened over different phases, Msheireb aims to preserve the [historic downtown area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushayrib).[274](../../274/ "tree and pragmatics") ### National Museum of Qatar Main article: [National Museum of Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Qatar) The new [National Museum of Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Qatar) (NMoQ) opened to the public on 28 March 2019.[\[147\]](../../page/5/#ref-147 "note 147")[275](../../275/ "tree and pragmatics") The museum features an innovative design by [Pritzker Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritzker_Prize)-winning architect [Jean Nouvel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Nouvel)[\[148\]](../../page/5/#ref-148 "note 148") that is inspired by the [desert rose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_rose_%28crystal%29) and grows organically around the original 20th century [palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace) of [Sheikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani).[276](../../276/ "tree and pragmatics") This important monument to Qatar's past is now preserved as the heart of the new NMoQ.[\[149\]](../../page/5/#ref-149 "note 149")[277](../../277/ "tree and pragmatics") The relation between the new and old building is part of creating the bridge between the past and the present advocated by [Sheikha Al Mayassa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mayassa_bint_Hamad_bin_Khalifa_Al-Thani) for it is the way to "define ourselves instead of forever being defined by others celebrating our identity."[\[150\]](../../page/5/#ref-150 "note 150")[278](../../278/ "tree and pragmatics") Located on a 1.5 million-square-foot site at the south end of [Doha Corniche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Corniche), the NMoQ building rises from the sea and is connected to the shore by two pedestrian bridges and a road bridge.[279](../../279/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Doha Tower Main article: [Doha Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Tower) Doha Tower also known as Burj Doha, and previously named Burj Qatar and Doha High Rise Office Building,[\[151\]](../../page/5/#ref-151 "note 151") is a high rise tower in [West Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bay_%28Doha%29), Doha.[280](../../280/ "tree and pragmatics") On 18 October 2012, the building received the [CTBUH Skyscraper Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTBUH_Skyscraper_Award) for the Best Tall Building Worldwide from the [CTBUH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTBUH).[\[152\]](../../page/5/#ref-152 "note 152")[281](../../281/ "tree and pragmatics") The $125-million office building, designed by French architect [Jean Nouvel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Nouvel), has a height of 238 m, with 46 stories.[\[153\]](../../page/5/#ref-153 "note 153")[282](../../282/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Aspire Tower Main article: [Aspire Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspire_Tower) [Aspire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspire_Academy) Tower, also known as The Torch Doha, is a 300 m [skyscraper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper) hotel located in the [Aspire Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspire_Zone) complex in Doha.[283](../../283/ "tree and pragmatics") Designed by architect Hadi Simaan and [AREP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AREP) and engineer Ove Arup and Partners,[\[154\]](../../page/5/#ref-154 "note 154") the tower served as the focal point for the 15th [Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games) hosted by Qatar in December 2006.[284](../../284/ "tree and pragmatics") The tower is currently the [tallest structure and building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Doha,_Qatar) in Doha and Qatar.[285](../../285/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Tornado Tower Main article: [Tornado Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_Tower) The Tornado Tower also called the QIPCO Tower, is a high-rise office [skyscraper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper) in Doha.[286](../../286/ "tree and pragmatics") The building stands at a height of 640 ft tall with 52 floors.[287](../../287/ "tree and pragmatics") Construction began in 2006 and was completed in 2008.[\[155\]](../../page/5/#ref-155 "note 155")[288](../../288/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Museum of Islamic Art Main article: [Museum of Islamic Art, Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Doha) Museum of Islamic Art, MIA is a [museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum) on one end of the 7 km [Corniche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Corniche) in Doha.[289](../../289/ "tree and pragmatics") As per the architect [I. M. Pei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._M._Pei)'s specifications, the museum is built on an island off an artificial projecting peninsula near the traditional [dhow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhow) harbor.[290](../../290/ "tree and pragmatics") A purpose-built park surrounds the edifice on the eastern and southern facades while two bridges connect the southern front facade of the property with the main peninsula that holds the park.[\[156\]](../../page/5/#ref-156 "note 156")[291](../../291/ "tree and pragmatics") The western and northern facades are marked by the harbor showcasing the Qatari seafaring past.[292](../../292/ "tree and pragmatics") In September 2017, [Qatar Museums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_Museums) appointed [Julia Gonnella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gonnella) as new director of MIA.[\[157\]](../../page/5/#ref-157 "note 157")[293](../../293/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Qatar National Library Main article: [Qatar National Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_National_Library) Qatar National Library (QNL) is a modern facility which provides the people of Qatar with access to over one million books.[294](../../294/ "tree and pragmatics") The library is a non-profit organization operated under the umbrella of the [Qatar Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_Foundation).[\[158\]](../../page/5/#ref-158 "note 158")[295](../../295/ "tree and pragmatics") The plans for the new national library were announced by Sheikha [Moza bint Nasser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moza_bint_Nasser), chairperson of Qatar Foundation, on 19 November 2012, during a ceremony celebrating the 50th anniversary of the [Dar Al Kutub Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_Al_Kutub_Al_Qatariyya) in Doha.[296](../../296/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Al Thumama Stadium Main article: [Al Thumama Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Thumama_Stadium) Al-Thumama Stadium is a [football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) [stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium) in [Al Thumama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Thumama,_Qatar) district in Doha, located approximately 13 km south of the city center.[\[159\]](../../page/5/#ref-159 "note 159")[297](../../297/ "tree and pragmatics") It hosted the [2022 FIFA World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup) held in the country.[\[160\]](../../page/5/#ref-160 "note 160")[298](../../298/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Msheireb Museums Main article: [Msheireb Museums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msheireb_Museums) Msheireb Museums is a complex of history museums housed in four historic heritage houses of [Msheireb Downtown Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msheireb_Downtown_Doha), the old commercial centre of the city.[299](../../299/ "tree and pragmatics") Each house explores a different aspect of the country's history through the trades and careers of its former residents: [slavery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery), the [oil industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_industry), and [folk arts and traditions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_art).[\[161\]](../../page/5/#ref-161 "note 161")[300](../../300/ "tree and pragmatics") The restoration of the four heritage houses Bin Jelmood House, Company House, Mohammed Bin Jassim House, and Radwani House into world-class museums is a part of the first phase of the Heritage Quarter of Msheireb Properties' QR20 billion (US$5.5 billion), 310,000 sq m development.[\[162\]](../../page/5/#ref-162 "note 162")[301](../../301/ "tree and pragmatics") The museum was also included in the 2018 world's best new buildings list of the [Royal Institute of British Architects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects).[\[163\]](../../page/5/#ref-163 "note 163")[302](../../302/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Atmosphere In the pre-modern era, Doha's architectural landscape was characterized by densely clustered dwellings interconnected by narrow passageways, a design that offered mutual shade, privacy, and safety to residents.[303](../../303/ "tree and pragmatics") This urban configuration persisted until the latter part of the 20th century.[304](../../304/ "tree and pragmatics") Traditional building techniques in Doha emphasized climate adaptation.[305](../../305/ "tree and pragmatics") Thick stone walls, often reaching 0.6 m in width, served as effective thermal insulators, mitigating heat transfer to the interior.[306](../../306/ "tree and pragmatics") Facades typically featured minimal [fenestration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenestration_%28architecture%29) to maintain privacy and regulate internal temperatures.[307](../../307/ "tree and pragmatics") When present, windows were often internal and shuttered, frequently shielded by expansive [verandas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veranda) to minimize solar heat gain.[\[164\]](../../page/5/#ref-164 "note 164")[308](../../308/ "tree and pragmatics") The badgheer system was used to facilitate air circulation for cooling.[309](../../309/ "tree and pragmatics") This encompassed both [windcatchers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windcatcher) and wall vents, with the latter being more prevalent in Doha.[310](../../310/ "tree and pragmatics") Large open [courtyards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtyard) were integral to promoting air movement within structures.[311](../../311/ "tree and pragmatics") Design elements such as horizontal apertures at wall bases and within roof screens generated cooling breezes and air circulation.[312](../../312/ "tree and pragmatics") Ornate, perforated [gypsum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum) panels served dual purposes, acting as decorative elements while enhancing airflow within domiciles.[\[164\]](../../page/5/#ref-164 "note 164")[313](../../313/ "tree and pragmatics") Due to excessive heat from the sun during the summer, some Doha-based building companies implemented various forms of [cooling technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning) to alleviate the extremely torrid climatic conditions in the late 20th century.[314](../../314/ "tree and pragmatics") This included creating optical phenomena such as [shadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow), as well as more expensive techniques like ventilation, coolants, refrigerants, cryogenics, and dehumidifiers.[\[165\]](../../page/5/#ref-165 "note 165")[315](../../315/ "tree and pragmatics") Discussions regarding temperature control have also been features of various scheduled events involving large crowds.[\[166\]](../../page/5/#ref-166 "note 166")[316](../../316/ "tree and pragmatics") Other initiatives attempt to counter the heat by altering working hours, weather alteration methods such as [cloud seeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_seeding),[\[167\]](../../page/5/#ref-167 "note 167")[\[168\]](../../page/5/#ref-168 "note 168") and using [whiter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White) and brighter construction materials to increase the [albedo effects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo_effects).[\[169\]](../../page/5/#ref-169 "note 169")[317](../../317/ "tree and pragmatics") Nonetheless, despite these measures, Doha and other areas of Qatar could become [uninhabitable](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_habitability) for humans due to climate change by the end of the 21st century.[\[170\]](../../page/5/#ref-170 "note 170")[\[171\]](../../page/5/#ref-171 "note 171")[318](../../318/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Planned communities One of the largest urban development projects in Qatar is [Lusail City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusail), a planned community north of Doha constructed at a cost of approximately $45bn and designed to accommodate 450,000 people.[\[172\]](../../page/5/#ref-172 "note 172")[319](../../319/ "tree and pragmatics") [Al Waab City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Waab_City), another planned community under development, is estimated to cost [QR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatari_riyal)15 bn.[\[173\]](../../page/5/#ref-173 "note 173")[320](../../320/ "tree and pragmatics") In addition to housing 8,000 individuals, it will also have shopping malls, educational, and medical facilities.[\[173\]](../../page/5/#ref-173 "note 173")[321](../../321/ "tree and pragmatics") Gewan Island is the latest development of [UDC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Development_Company) comprising a 400000 sqm mixed use development.[322](../../322/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transportation Main article: [Transportation in Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_in_Doha) To support the expanding city and increasing numbers of residents and commuters, Qatar has heavily invested in upgrading the infrastructure of Doha and Qatar.[323](../../323/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 2004, Doha has been undergoing a huge expansion to its transportation network, including the addition of new [highways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway), a [new airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_International_Airport) in 2014, a new [seaport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_Port) in 2016, and an 85 km [metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit) system which went operational in 2019.[\[174\]](../../page/5/#ref-174 "note 174")[324](../../324/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Roads The main highways in Doha include [Dukhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukhan) Highway connecting to Dukhan;[\[175\]](../../page/5/#ref-175 "note 175") the 95.2 km [Al Shamal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Shamal) Road connecting the Doha Metropolitan Area to the northern region of Al Shamal;[\[176\]](../../page/5/#ref-176 "note 176") the 33 km [Al Khor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khor) Coastal Road connecting to Al Khor,[\[177\]](../../page/5/#ref-177 "note 177") the 95 km Salwa Road connecting to the [Saudi Arabian border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar–Saudi_Arabia_border);[\[178\]](../../page/5/#ref-178 "note 178") the 195 km [Al Majd Road](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Majd_Road) which is the longest highway in Qatar;[\[179\]](../../page/5/#ref-179 "note 179") the 5.5 km [Lusail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusail) Expressway connecting to Lusail;[\[180\]](../../page/5/#ref-180 "note 180") the 8.7 km F-Ring Road linking Rawdat Al Khail Street to Al Matar Street;[\[181\]](../../page/5/#ref-181 "note 181") the 22 km G-Ring Road connecting Hamad International Airport to the south of the [Industrial Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Area_%28Doha%29);[\[182\]](../../page/5/#ref-182 "note 182") and the Industrial Area Road, a 12.5 km-dual carriageway positioned south of the Doha Industrial Area.[\[183\]](../../page/5/#ref-183 "note 183")[325](../../325/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the latest projects, expected to be delivered in 2024 is the Sharq Crossing in [Doha Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Bay).[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics") At a cost of approximately $12 billion, the crossing is expected to connect Hamad International Airport with both [Katara Cultural Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katara_Cultural_Village) and [West Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bay_%28Doha%29).[\[184\]](../../page/5/#ref-184 "note 184")[327](../../327/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Rail Three of the [Doha Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Metro)'s four lines are currently fully operational.[328](../../328/ "tree and pragmatics") The system consists of the Red Line, the Gold Line, the Green Line, and the incomplete Blue Line.[329](../../329/ "tree and pragmatics") The Blue Line is expected to be completed in the second phase in 2025.[\[185\]](../../page/5/#ref-185 "note 185")[330](../../330/ "tree and pragmatics") [Msheireb Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msheireb_station) is the transfer station for all of the metro lines.[\[174\]](../../page/5/#ref-174 "note 174")[331](../../331/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Red Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Line_%28Doha_Metro%29) (also known as Coast Line) extends through Doha, running from [Al Khor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khor) to [Al Wakrah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Wakrah) and [Hamad Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_International_Airport) via the Red Line North and Red Line South.[332](../../332/ "tree and pragmatics") Doha Metro's [Green Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_%28Doha_Metro%29), or Education Line, connects Doha to [Education City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_City) and [Al Riffa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Riffa_station).[333](../../333/ "tree and pragmatics") Starting in [Old Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Airport_%28Doha%29), the [Gold Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Line_%28Doha_Metro%29) (also known as Historic Line) will end in Al Rayyan and cover a distance of 30.6 km.[334](../../334/ "tree and pragmatics") Lastly, the Blue Line, or City Line, will only cover the inner city of Doha, and is planned to be semi-circular with a length of 17.5 km.[\[186\]](../../page/5/#ref-186 "note 186")[335](../../335/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Air Doha is served by [Hamad International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_International_Airport) which is Qatar's principal international gateway.[336](../../336/ "tree and pragmatics") The airport opened in 2014, replacing [Doha International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_International_Airport).[337](../../337/ "tree and pragmatics") The airport is named after the previous Emir of Qatar, [Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_bin_Khalifa_Al_Thani).[338](../../338/ "tree and pragmatics") Hamad International Airport became the first [Middle Eastern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern) airport to be awarded the [Skytrax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skytrax)'s World Best Airport for 2021 in the 2021 World Airport Awards, ending the 7-year dominance of [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore) [corpus](../../../Singapore/ "in our corpus")'s [Changi Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changi_Airport).[\[187\]](../../page/5/#ref-187 "note 187")[339](../../339/ "tree and pragmatics") Qatar's Hamad International Airport has been named the World's Best Airport for the second year running.[340](../../340/ "tree and pragmatics") The announcement took place at the Skytrax 2022 World Airport Awards, held at Passenger Terminal EXPO in Paris, France.[\[188\]](../../page/5/#ref-188 "note 188")[341](../../341/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Taxi There are a variety of [taxi operators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxi) in the Doha area.[342](../../342/ "tree and pragmatics") A plurality of taxis across the city and Hamad International Airport are marked by a distinctive [turquoise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquoise) colour; these taxis are owned and operated by [Mowasalat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Qatar#Public_transport), a government-owned enterprise, under the brand name Karwa.[343](../../343/ "tree and pragmatics") Ride-hailing applications like [Uber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber), Ryde, Badrgo, and Aabir are also readily available across the city.[\[189\]](../../page/5/#ref-189 "note 189")[\[190\]](../../page/5/#ref-190 "note 190")[\[191\]](../../page/5/#ref-191 "note 191")[344](../../344/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Education See also: [Education in Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Qatar), [Education City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_City), [List of schools in Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Qatar) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/3/) **4** [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/5/) - ← previous: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/3/) - next →: [page 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Doha/page/5/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)