---
title: International observers have found that presidential and congression… — Dominican Republic · tree and pragmatics
description: International observers have found that presidential and congressional elections since 1996 have been generally free and fair." Who acts: International observers, presidential elections. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Dominican Republic» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Dominican Republic, sentence 279

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From Wikipedia, [«Dominican Republic»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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International observers have found that presidential and congressional elections since 1996 have been generally free and fair."

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**Who acts:** International observers, presidential elections · **What happens:** find, be

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Dominican Republic». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (International observers, presidential elections), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Dominican_Republic:279
# text = International observers have found that presidential and congressional elections since 1996 have been generally free and fair."
1	International	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	observers	observer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
6	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	congressional	congressional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
10	since	since	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	1996	1996	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
14	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · perfect | International observers |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present · perfect | presidential elections since 1996 |  |  |  |  | free, generally *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | presidential elections since 1996 *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Dominican Republic», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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