--- title: Dublin — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Dublin», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Dublin # Dublin · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Dublin»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/5/) Large parts of Georgian Dublin were demolished or substantially redeveloped in the mid-20th century during a boom in office buildings.[81](../../81/ "tree and pragmatics") After this boom, the recessions of the 1970s and 1980s slowed construction.[82](../../82/ "tree and pragmatics") Cumulatively, this led to a significant decline in the number of people living in the centre of the city, and by 1985 the town had approximately 150 acres of derelict land which had been earmarked for development and 10 e6sqft of office space.[\[55\]](../../page/5/#ref-55 "note 55")[83](../../83/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 1997, Dublin's landscape has changed.[84](../../84/ "tree and pragmatics") The city was at the forefront of Ireland's economic expansion during the [Celtic Tiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Tiger) period, with private-sector and state-led development of housing, transport, and business.[85](../../85/ "tree and pragmatics") Following an economic decline during the Great Recession, Dublin has rebounded and as of 2017 has close to full employment,[\[56\]](../../page/5/#ref-56 "note 56") but has a significant problem with housing supply in both the city and surrounds.[\[57\]](../../page/5/#ref-57 "note 57")[86](../../86/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Government ### Local Further information: [Local government in Dublin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_Dublin) [Dublin City Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_City_Council) is a [unicameral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameral) assembly of 63 members elected every five years from [local electoral areas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_electoral_area).[\[58\]](../../page/5/#ref-58 "note 58")[87](../../87/ "tree and pragmatics") It is presided over by the [Lord Mayor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Dublin), who is elected for a yearly term and resides in Dublin's [Mansion House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansion_House,_Dublin).[88](../../88/ "tree and pragmatics") Council meetings occur at [Dublin City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_City_Hall), while most of its administrative activities are based in the Civic Offices on [Wood Quay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_Quay).[89](../../89/ "tree and pragmatics") The party or coalition of parties with the majority of seats assigns committee members, introduces policies, and proposes the Lord Mayor.[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") The Council passes an annual budget for spending on areas such as housing, traffic management, refuse, drainage, and planning.[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") The Dublin City Manager is responsible for implementing City Council decisions, but also has considerable executive power.[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") Neighbouring local authorities in County Dublin are [South Dublin County Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dublin_County_Council), [Fingal County Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingal_County_Council), and [Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dún_Laoghaire–Rathdown_County_Council), and parts of the wider city and its suburbs lie in the functional areas of all three.[\[59\]](../../page/5/#ref-59 "note 59")[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") ### National As the capital city, Dublin is the seat of the Irish parliament, the [Oireachtas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oireachtas).[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") It is composed of the [President of Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ireland), [Dáil Éireann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dáil_Éireann) as the house of representatives, and [Seanad Éireann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seanad_Éireann) as the upper house.[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") The President resides in [Áras an Uachtaráin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Áras_an_Uachtaráin) in [Phoenix Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Park), while both houses of the Oireachtas meet in [Leinster House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster_House), a former ducal residence on [Kildare Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildare_Street).[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") It has been the home of the Irish parliament since the foundation of the [Irish Free State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State) in 1922.[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") The old [Irish Houses of Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Houses_of_Parliament) of the [Kingdom of Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland), which dissolved in 1801, are located in [College Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Green,_Dublin).[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") [Government Buildings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Buildings) house the [Department of the Taoiseach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_the_Taoiseach), the Council Chamber, the Department of Finance, and the [Office of the Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Ireland).[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") It consists of a main building (completed 1911) with two wings (completed 1921).[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") It was designed by Thomas Manley Dean and Sir [Aston Webb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Webb) as the [Royal College of Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College_of_Science_%28Ireland%29).[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") The [First Dáil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Dáil) originally met in the [Mansion House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansion_House,_Dublin) in 1919.[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") The Irish Free State government took over the two wings of the building to serve as a temporary home for some ministries.[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") In contrast, the central building became the College of Technology until 1989.[\[60\]](../../page/5/#ref-60 "note 60")[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") Although both it and Leinster House were intended to be temporary locations, they became the permanent homes of parliament from then on.[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") For elections to [Dáil Éireann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dáil_Éireann), five constituencies are wholly or predominantly in the Dublin City area: [Dublin Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Central) (4 seats), [Dublin Bay North](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Bay_North) (5 seats), [Dublin North-West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_North-West) (3 seats), [Dublin South-Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_South-Central) (4 seats) and [Dublin Bay South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Bay_South) (4 seats).[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") Twenty TDs are elected in total.[\[61\]](../../page/5/#ref-61 "note 61")[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") The constituency of [Dublin West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_West) (4 seats) is partially in Dublin City, but predominantly in [Fingal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingal).[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") At the [2024 general election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Irish_general_election), the Dublin city area elected 5 [Sinn Féin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn_Féin), 4 [Fianna Fáil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_Fáil), 4 [Social Democrats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democrats_%28Ireland%29), 3 [Fine Gael](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael), 2 [Labour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_%28Ireland%29) and 2 Independents.[\[62\]](../../page/5/#ref-62 "note 62")[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Geography ### Landscape Dublin is situated at the mouth of the [River Liffey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Liffey) and its urban area encompasses approximately 345 km2 in east-central Ireland.[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") It is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range and sub-range of the [Wicklow Mountains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicklow_Mountains), to the south, and surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west.[\[63\]](../../page/5/#ref-63 "note 63")[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") #### Watercourses See also: [List of rivers of County Dublin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_County_Dublin) The River Liffey divides the city into two, between the Northside and the Southside.[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") The Liffey bends at [Leixlip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leixlip) from a northeasterly route to a predominantly eastward direction.[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") This point also marks the transition from more agricultural land to urban development.[\[64\]](../../page/5/#ref-64 "note 64")[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") The city itself was founded where the [River Poddle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Poddle) met the Liffey.[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") The early Viking settlement was also facilitated by the small [Steine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steine_of_Dublin) or Steyne River, the larger Camac[\[65\]](../../page/5/#ref-65 "note 65") and the Bradogue,[\[66\]](../../page/5/#ref-66 "note 66") in particular.[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") Two secondary rivers further divide the city: the [River Tolka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Tolka), running southeast into Dublin Bay, and the [River Dodder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Dodder), running northeast to near the mouth of the Liffey.[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") These, along with the Liffey, have multiple tributaries.[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") Many lesser rivers and streams also flow to the sea within the suburban parts of the city.[\[67\]](../../page/5/#ref-67 "note 67")[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") Two canals – the [Grand Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_Ireland) on the southside and the [Royal Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canal_of_Ireland) on the northside – ring the inner city on their way from the west, both connecting with the [River Shannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Shannon).[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Climate Similar to much of the rest of northwestern Europe, Dublin has a [maritime climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_climate) ([Cfb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification)) with mild-warm summers, cool winters, and little temperature extremes.[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") At [Merrion Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrion_Square), the coldest month is February, with an average minimum temperature of 4.1 C. The warmest month is July, with an average maximum temperature of 20.1 C. Due to the [urban heat island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_heat_island) effect, Dublin city has the warmest summertime nights in Ireland.[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") The average minimum temperature at Merrion Square in July is 13.5 C. The lowest July temperature ever recorded at the station was 7.8 C on 3 July 1974.[\[68\]](../../page/5/#ref-68 "note 68")[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") The highest temperature officially recorded in Dublin is 33.1 C on 18 July 2022, at the [Phoenix Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Park).[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") A non-official record of 33.5 C was recorded at Phoenix Park in July 1876.[\[69\]](../../page/5/#ref-69 "note 69")[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") Dublin's sheltered location on the east coast makes it the driest place in Ireland, receiving only about half the rainfall of the west coast.[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") [Ringsend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringsend) in the south of the city records the lowest rainfall in the country, with an average annual precipitation of 683 mm.[\[70\]](../../page/5/#ref-70 "note 70")[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") The average annual precipitation in the city centre is 726 mm.[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") At Merrion Square, the wettest year and driest year on record occurred within 5 years of each other.[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") 1953 receiving just 463.1 mm of rainfall, while 1958 recorded 1022.5 mm.[\[68\]](../../page/5/#ref-68 "note 68")[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") The main precipitation in winter is rain.[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") Snow showers occur between November and March.[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") Hail is more common than snow.[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") Strong Atlantic winds are most common in autumn.[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") These winds can affect Dublin, but because of its easterly location, it is the least affected part of the country.[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") In winter, easterly winds render the city colder and more prone to snow showers.[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") Dublin has long summer days and short winter days.[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") Based on satellite observations, [Met Éireann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met_Éireann) estimates that Dublin's coastal areas typically receive over 1,600 hours of sunshine per year,[\[71\]](../../page/5/#ref-71 "note 71") with the climate getting progressively duller inland.[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") Dublin airport, located north of the city and about 10 km from the coast, records an average of 1,485 hours of sunshine per year.[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") The station at Dublin airport has been maintaining climate records since November 1941.[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") The sunniest year on record was 1,740 hours in 1959.[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") The dullest year was 1987 with 1,240 hours of sunshine.[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") The lowest monthly total of sunshine on record was 16.4 hours in January 1996.[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") The highest was 305.9 hours in July 1955.[\[72\]](../../page/5/#ref-72 "note 72")[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") In the 20th century, smog and air-pollution were an issue in the city, precipitating a ban on bituminous fuels across Dublin.[\[73\]](../../page/5/#ref-73 "note 73")[\[74\]](../../page/5/#ref-74 "note 74")[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") The ban was implemented in 1990 to address black smoke concentrations, that had been linked to cardiovascular and respiratory deaths in residents.[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") Since the ban, non-trauma death rates, respiratory death rates, and cardiovascular death rates have declined by an estimated 350 deaths annually.[\[75\]](../../page/5/#ref-75 "note 75")[\[74\]](../../page/5/#ref-74 "note 74")[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Cityscape ### Areas #### City centre The historic city centre of Dublin is encircled by the [Royal Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canal) and [Grand Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canal_%28Ireland%29), bounded to the west by [Heuston railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuston_railway_station) and [Phoenix Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Park), and to the east by the [IFSC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Financial_Services_Centre,_Dublin) and the [Docklands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Docklands).[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") [O'Connell Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Connell_Street) is the main thoroughfare of the inner city, and many Dublin Bus routes, as well as the Green line of the [Luas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luas), have a stop at O'Connell Street.[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") The main shopping streets of the inner city include [Henry Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Street,_Dublin) on the Northside, and [Grafton Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafton_Street) on the Southside.[\[76\]](../../page/5/#ref-76 "note 76")[\[77\]](../../page/5/#ref-77 "note 77")[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") In some tourism and real-estate marketing contexts, inner Dublin is sometimes divided into a number of quarters.[\[78\]](../../page/5/#ref-78 "note 78")[\[79\]](../../page/5/#ref-79 "note 79")[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") These include the Medieval Quarter (in the area of [Dublin Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Castle), [Christ Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church,_Dublin) and [St Patrick's Cathedral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin) and the old city walls),[\[80\]](../../page/5/#ref-80 "note 80") the Georgian Quarter (including the area around St Stephen's Green, Trinity College, and [Merrion Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrion_Square)), the Docklands Quarter (around the [Dublin Docklands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Docklands) and [Silicon Docks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Docks)), the Cultural Quarter (around [Temple Bar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Bar,_Dublin)), and Creative Quarter (between South William Street and George's Street).[\[81\]](../../page/5/#ref-81 "note 81")[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") #### Suburbs Dublin has dozens of suburbs; northside suburbs include [Blanchardstown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanchardstown), [Finglas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finglas), [Ballymun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballymun), [Clontarf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clontarf,_Dublin), [Raheny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raheny), [Malahide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malahide) and [Howth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howth), while southside suburbs include [Tallaght](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallaght), [Sandyford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandyford,_Dublin), [Templeogue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeogue), [Drimnagh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drimnagh), [Rathmines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathmines), [Dún Laoghaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dún_Laoghaire) and [Dalkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalkey).[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") Starting in the late 2010s, there was a significant amount of high density residential developments in the suburbs of Dublin,[\[82\]](../../page/5/#ref-82 "note 82") with mid to high-rise apartments being built in Sandyford,[\[83\]](../../page/5/#ref-83 "note 83") [Ashtown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtown,_Dublin),[\[84\]](../../page/5/#ref-84 "note 84") and Tallaght.[\[85\]](../../page/5/#ref-85 "note 85")[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Cultural divide A north–south division once, to some extent, traditionally existed, with the River Liffey as the divider.[\[86\]](../../page/5/#ref-86 "note 86")[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") The southside was, in recent times, generally seen as being more affluent and genteel than the northside.[\[86\]](../../page/5/#ref-86 "note 86")[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") There have also been some social divisions evident between the coastal suburbs in the east of the city, and the newer developments further to the west.[\[87\]](../../page/5/#ref-87 "note 87")[\[88\]](../../page/5/#ref-88 "note 88")[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Landmarks Further information: [List of public art in Dublin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Dublin) Dublin has many landmarks and monuments dating back hundreds of years.[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the oldest is [Dublin Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Castle), which was first founded as a major defensive work on the orders of England's [King John](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England) in 1204, shortly after the [Norman invasion of Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Ireland) in 1169, when it was commanded that a castle be built with strong walls and good ditches for the defence of the city, the administration of justice, and the protection of the King's treasure.[\[89\]](../../page/5/#ref-89 "note 89")[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") Largely complete by 1230, the castle was of typical Norman courtyard design, with a central square without a [keep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep), bounded on all sides by tall defensive walls and protected at each corner by a circular tower.[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") Sited to the south-east of Norman Dublin, the castle formed one corner of the outer perimeter of the city, using the [River Poddle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Poddle) as a natural means of defence.[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") One of Dublin's most prominent landmarks is the [Spire of Dublin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spire_of_Dublin), officially entitled the "Monument of Light".[\[90\]](../../page/5/#ref-90 "note 90")[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") It is a 121.2 m conical spire made of stainless steel, completed in 2003 and located on [O'Connell Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Connell_Street), where it meets Henry Street and North Earl Street.[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") It replaced [Nelson's Pillar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%27s_Pillar) and is intended to mark Dublin's place in the 21st century.[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") The spire was designed by [Ian Ritchie Architects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Ritchie_Architects),[\[91\]](../../page/5/#ref-91 "note 91") who sought an "Elegant and dynamic simplicity bridging art and technology".[165](../../165/ "tree and pragmatics") The base of the monument is lit, and its top is illuminated to serve as a beacon in the night sky across the city.[166](../../166/ "tree and pragmatics") The Old Library of [Trinity College Dublin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin), holding the [Book of Kells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Kells), is one of the city's most visited sites.[\[92\]](../../page/5/#ref-92 "note 92")[167](../../167/ "tree and pragmatics") The Book of Kells is an illustrated manuscript created by Irish monks circa 800 AD.[168](../../168/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Ha'penny Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%27penny_Bridge), an iron footbridge over the River Liffey, is one of the most photographed sights in Dublin and is considered to be one of Dublin's most iconic landmarks.[\[93\]](../../page/5/#ref-93 "note 93")[169](../../169/ "tree and pragmatics") Other landmarks and monuments include [Christ Church Cathedral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin) and [St Patrick's Cathedral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin), the [Mansion House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansion_House,_Dublin), the [Molly Malone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Malone) statue, the complex of buildings around Leinster House, including part of the [National Museum of Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland) and the [National Library of Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland), [The Custom House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Custom_House) and [Áras an Uachtaráin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Áras_an_Uachtaráin).[170](../../170/ "tree and pragmatics") Other sights include the [Anna Livia monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Livia_%28monument%29).[171](../../171/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Poolbeg Towers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolbeg_Generating_Station) are also landmark features of Dublin, and visible from various spots around the city.[172](../../172/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Parks There are 302 parks and 66 green spaces within the [Dublin City Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_City_Council) area as of 2018, with the council managing over 1500 ha of parks.[\[94\]](../../page/5/#ref-94 "note 94")[173](../../173/ "tree and pragmatics") Public parks include the [Phoenix Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Park), [Herbert Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Park), [St Stephen's Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Green), [Saint Anne's Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Anne%27s_Park) and [Bull Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_Island).[174](../../174/ "tree and pragmatics") The Phoenix Park is about 3 km west of the city centre, north of the [River Liffey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Liffey).[175](../../175/ "tree and pragmatics") Its 16 km perimeter wall encloses 707 ha, making it one of the largest walled city parks in Europe.[\[95\]](../../page/5/#ref-95 "note 95")[176](../../176/ "tree and pragmatics") It includes large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues, and since the 17th century has been home to a herd of wild [fallow deer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallow_deer).[177](../../177/ "tree and pragmatics") The residence of the [President of Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ireland) (Áras an Uachtaráin), which was built in 1751,[\[96\]](../../page/5/#ref-96 "note 96") is located in the park.[178](../../178/ "tree and pragmatics") The park is also home to [Dublin Zoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Zoo), [Ashtown Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtown_Castle), and the official residence of the [United States Ambassador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Ireland).[179](../../179/ "tree and pragmatics") Music concerts are also sometimes held in the park.[180](../../180/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/5/) - ← previous: [page 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/) - next →: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Dublin/page/3/) - ↑ back to 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