---
title: In the 10th millennium BCE, a culture of hunter-gatherers and fisher… — Egypt · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 10th millennium BCE, a culture of hunter-gatherers and fishers was replaced by a grain-grinding culture. Who acts: grinding culture. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Egypt» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Egypt, sentence 51

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From Wikipedia, [«Egypt»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the 10th millennium BCE, a culture of hunter-gatherers and fishers was replaced by a grain-grinding culture.

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**Who acts:** grinding culture · **What happens:** replace, grind · **To what, where:** culture, 10th millennium

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Egypt». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grinding culture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Egypt:51
# text = In the 10th millennium BCE, a culture of hunter-gatherers and fishers was replaced by a grain-grinding culture.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	10th	10th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	millennium	millennium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
5	BCE	BCE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	gatherers	gatherer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fishers	fisher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
19	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	amod	_	_
22	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | past · passive | a grinding culture | a culture of hunter gatherers and fishers |  | the 10th millennium |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **grind** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | grain *compound* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Egypt», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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