---
title: Eritrea's central highlands, known as Mereb Melash ("Beyond the Mere… — Eritrea · tree and pragmatics
description: Eritrea's central highlands, known as Mereb Melash ("Beyond the Mereb"), were the northern frontier region of the Ethiopian kingdoms and were ruled by a governor titled the Bahr Negus ("King of the Sea"). Who acts: central highlands, governor. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Eritrea» with its dependency 
---

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# Eritrea, sentence 10

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From Wikipedia, [«Eritrea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Eritrea's central highlands, known as Mereb Melash ("Beyond the Mereb"), were the northern frontier region of the Ethiopian kingdoms and were ruled by a governor titled the Bahr Negus ("King of the Sea").

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**Who acts:** central highlands, governor · **What happens:** know, be, rule, title · **To what, where:** central highlands, northern frontier region, Bahr Negus

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Eritrea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (central highlands, governor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Eritrea:10
# text = Eritrea's central highlands, known as Mereb Melash ("Beyond the Mereb"), were the northern frontier region of the Ethiopian kingdoms and were ruled by a governor titled the Bahr Negus ("King of the Sea").
1	Eritrea	Eritrea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	highlands	highland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mereb	Mereb	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	Melash	Melash	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Mereb	Mereb	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	frontier	frontier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Ethiopian	ethiopian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	governor	governor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl:agent	_	_
33	titled	title	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Bahr	Bahr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	Negus	Negus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	appos	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  | Eritrea's central highlands *not said here* |  |  |  | as Mereb | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as mereb=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Eritrea's central highlands | the northern frontier region |  |  |  | of the Ethiopian kingdoms | tree rules |
| 3 | **rule** | past · passive | a governor |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **title** | participle | a governor *not said here* | the Bahr Negus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Eritrea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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