---
title: Eritrea aspires to be self-reliant and, since 2005, has rejected for… — Eritrea · tree and pragmatics
description: Eritrea aspires to be self-reliant and, since 2005, has rejected foreign aid because it sees aid as a hindrance to true economic development. Who acts: Eritrea, aid. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Eritrea» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Eritrea, sentence 314

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From Wikipedia, [«Eritrea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Eritrea aspires to be self-reliant and, since 2005, has rejected foreign aid because it sees aid as a hindrance to true economic development.

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**Who acts:** Eritrea, aid · **What happens:** aspire, be, reject, see · **To what, where:** foreign aid, aid

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Eritrea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eritrea, aid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Eritrea:314
# text = Eritrea aspires to be self-reliant and, since 2005, has rejected foreign aid because it sees aid as a hindrance to true economic development.
1	Eritrea	eritrea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	aspires	aspire	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	reliant	reliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	since	since	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	2005	2005	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	rejected	reject	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
15	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
20	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	hindrance	hindrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
25	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aspire** | present | Eritrea |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | Eritrea *not said here* |  |  |  |  | 2005 *conj*; reliant *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **reject** | present · perfect |  | foreign aid |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aid=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | present | aid | aid |  |  |  | as a hindrance  true economic development | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer aid=Stimulus as hindrance=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Eritrea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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