---
title: By the early 20th century, Estonians started taking over their Germa… — Estonia · tree and pragmatics
description: By the early 20th century, Estonians started taking over their German-run town governments. Who acts: Estonians. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Estonia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Estonia, sentence 104

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From Wikipedia, [«Estonia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By the early 20th century, Estonians started taking over their German-run town governments.

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**Who acts:** Estonians · **What happens:** start, take · **To what, where:** town governments

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Estonians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Estonia:104
# text = By the early 20th century, Estonians started taking over their German-run town governments.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	20th	20th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	Estonians	Estonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
12	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	governments	government	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | Estonians |  |  |  | century |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **take** | gerund | Estonians *not said here* |  |  | Estonians's town governments |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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