---
title: By 2010, the economy began to recover driven by exports, and annual… — Estonia · tree and pragmatics
description: By 2010, the economy began to recover driven by exports, and annual industrial output increased by over 20%. Who acts: economy. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Estonia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Estonia, sentence 300

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From Wikipedia, [«Estonia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By 2010, the economy began to recover driven by exports, and annual industrial output increased by over 20%.

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**Who acts:** economy · **What happens:** begin, recover, drive, increase · **To what, where:** annual industrial output

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (economy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Estonia:300
# text = By 2010, the economy began to recover driven by exports, and annual industrial output increased by over 20%.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2010	2010	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	recover	recover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	exports	export	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	industrial	industrial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	output	output	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
17	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	over	over	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the economy |  |  |  |  | by 2010 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **recover** | to-infinitive | the economy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drive** | participle | the economy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by exports | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **increase** | participle |  | annual industrial output *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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