---
title: After English, Russian is now the second most widely spoken foreign… — Estonia · tree and pragmatics
description: After English, Russian is now the second most widely spoken foreign language in Estonia. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Estonia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Estonia, sentence 472

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From Wikipedia, [«Estonia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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After English, Russian is now the second most widely spoken foreign language in Estonia.

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**What happens:** speak, be · **To what, where:** second spoken foreign language, Estonia · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Estonia:472
# text = After English, Russian is now the second most widely spoken foreign language in Estonia.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
8	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
9	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	_
10	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
12	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Estonia	Estonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | widely *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the second spoken foreign language |  | Estonia | after English; now |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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