--- title: A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to si… — Eswatini · tree and pragmatics description: A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits. Who acts: combination. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Eswatini» with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Eswatini/262/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Eswatini](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Eswatini/) / 262 # Eswatini, sentence 262 From Wikipedia, [«Eswatini»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits. **Who acts:** combination · **What happens:** decline, increase, spend, lead · **To what, where:** revenues, combination This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Eswatini». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (combination), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Eswatini:262 # text = A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 combination combination NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 declining decline VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 acl _ _ 5 revenues revenue NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 increased increase VERB VBD Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 8 spending spend VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 xcomp _ _ 9 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 xcomp _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 significant significant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 12 budget budget NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 deficits deficit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **decline** | gerund | a combination *not said here* | revenues | | | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent revenue=Theme | | 2 | **increase** | past | a combination *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **spend** | gerund | a combination *not said here* | | | | | | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Goal | | 4 | **lead** | participle | a combination *not said here* | | | | | to significant budget deficits | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to deficit=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Eswatini», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 261](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Eswatini/261/) - next →: [sentence 263](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Eswatini/263/) - ↑ back to [Eswatini](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Eswatini/)