---
title: Current government programs to control deforestation consist of educ… — Ethiopia · tree and pragmatics
description: Current government programs to control deforestation consist of education, promoting reforestation programs, and providing raw materials which are alternatives to timber. Who acts: Current government programs, raw materials. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ethiopia» with its dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# Ethiopia, sentence 241

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From Wikipedia, [«Ethiopia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Current government programs to control deforestation consist of education, promoting reforestation programs, and providing raw materials which are alternatives to timber.

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**Who acts:** Current government programs, raw materials · **What happens:** control, consist, promote, provide, be, timber · **To what, where:** deforestation, reforestation programs, raw materials, alternatives

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ethiopia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Current government programs, raw materials), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ethiopia:241
# text = Current government programs to control deforestation consist of education, promoting reforestation programs, and providing raw materials which are alternatives to timber.
1	Current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	programs	program	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	promoting	promote	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	reforestation	reforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	programs	program	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	providing	provide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
17	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	alternatives	alternative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	timber	timber	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | to-infinitive | Current government programs *not said here* | deforestation |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deforestation=Theme |
| 2 | **consist** | present | Current government programs |  |  |  |  | of education | tree rules |
| 3 | **promote** | gerund | Current government programs *not said here* | reforestation programs |  |  |  |  | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent program=Theme |
| 4 | **provide** | gerund | Current government programs *not said here* | raw materials |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition material=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | present | raw materials | alternatives |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **timber** | to-infinitive | Current government programs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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