---
title: This had the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower… — Ethiopia · tree and pragmatics
description: This had the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia, thereby impeding water resource-based economic development projects. Who acts: This. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ethiopia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ethiopia, sentence 333

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From Wikipedia, [«Ethiopia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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This had the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia, thereby impeding water resource-based economic development projects.

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**Who acts:** This · **What happens:** have, impede, base, effect, finance · **To what, where:** effect, water resource, discouraging external financing, hydropower

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ethiopia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ethiopia:333
# text = This had the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia, thereby impeding water resource-based economic development projects.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	discouraging	discouraging	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	external	external	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	financing	financing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	hydropower	hydropower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	irrigation	irrigation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	projects	project	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	impeding	impede	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	resource	resource	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	case	_	_
24	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	projects	project	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | This | the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |
| 2 | **impede** | gerund | This *not said here* | water resource |  |  |  | base economic development projects; thereby *property* | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer resource=Eventuality |
| 3 | **base** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **effect** |  |  | discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **finance** |  |  | hydropower |  |  |  |  | nom financing «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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