---
title: English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of in… — Ethiopia · tree and pragmatics
description: English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education; federal laws are also published in British English in the Federal Negarit Gazeta including the 1995 constitution. Who acts: English, Federal Negarit. A sentence of Wikipedia
---

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# Ethiopia, sentence 441

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From Wikipedia, [«Ethiopia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education; federal laws are also published in British English in the Federal Negarit Gazeta including the 1995 constitution.

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**Who acts:** English, Federal Negarit · **What happens:** speak, be, publish, include · **To what, where:** spoken foreign language, federal laws, British English, 1995 constitution · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ethiopia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, Federal Negarit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ethiopia:441
# text = English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education; federal laws are also published in British English in the Federal Negarit Gazeta including the 1995 constitution.
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	medium	medium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	secondary	secondary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
19	tertiary	tertiary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
22	federal	federal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
25	also	also	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Federal	Federal	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	Negarit	Negarit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl:agent	_	_
34	Gazeta	Gazeta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	flat	_	_
35	including	include	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	1995	1995	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	nummod	_	_
38	constitution	constitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | widely *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | English | the spoken foreign language and the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education |  |  |  | the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **publish** | present · passive | the Federal Negarit | federal laws |  | British English |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 4 | **include** | gerund | the Federal Negarit *not said here* | the 1995 constitution |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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