---
title: The earliest people were hunter-gatherers, using stone tools. — Finland · tree and pragmatics
description: The earliest people were hunter-gatherers, using stone tools. Who acts: earliest people, hunter gatherers. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Finland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Finland, sentence 38

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From Wikipedia, [«Finland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The earliest people were hunter-gatherers, using stone tools.

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**Who acts:** earliest people, hunter gatherers · **What happens:** be, use · **To what, where:** hunter gatherers, stone tools

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Finland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest people, hunter gatherers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Finland:38
# text = The earliest people were hunter-gatherers, using stone tools.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	gatherers	gatherer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the earliest people | hunter gatherers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | hunter gatherers *not said here* | stone tools |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Finland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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