---
title: German, French, Spanish and Russian can be studied as second foreign… — Finland · tree and pragmatics
description: German, French, Spanish and Russian can be studied as second foreign languages from the fourth grade (at 10 years of age; some schools may offer other options). Who acts: schools. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Finland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Finland, sentence 502

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From Wikipedia, [«Finland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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German, French, Spanish and Russian can be studied as second foreign languages from the fourth grade (at 10 years of age; some schools may offer other options).

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**Who acts:** schools · **What happens:** study, offer · **To what, where:** German, other options

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Finland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (schools), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Finland:502
# text = German, French, Spanish and Russian can be studied as second foreign languages from the fourth grade (at 10 years of age; some schools may offer other options).
1	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
13	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	amod	_	_
18	grade	grade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	parataxis	_	_
30	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	options	option	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | can · passive |  | German |  |  | year | as second foreign languages from the fourth grade | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.value»: as language=Value |
| 2 | **offer** | may | some schools | other options |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent option=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Finland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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