---
title: Since the 1995 public transport bombings, France has been targeted b… — France · tree and pragmatics
description: Since the 1995 public transport bombings, France has been targeted by Islamist organisations, notably the Charlie Hebdo attack in 2015, which provoked the largest public rallies in French history, gathering 4.4 million people, and the November 2015 Paris attacks, which resulted in 130 deaths, the de
---

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# France, sentence 205

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From Wikipedia, [«France»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since the 1995 public transport bombings, France has been targeted by Islamist organisations, notably the Charlie Hebdo attack in 2015, which provoked the largest public rallies in French history, gathering 4.4 million people, and the November 2015 Paris attacks, which resulted in 130 deaths, the deadliest attack on French soil since World War II and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004.

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**Who acts:** Islamist organisations, Hebdo attack, 2015 Paris attacks · **What happens:** target, provoke, gather, result · **To what, where:** France, largest public rallies, French history, million people, 130 deaths

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «France». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Islamist organisations, Hebdo attack, 2015 Paris attacks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:France:205
# text = Since the 1995 public transport bombings, France has been targeted by Islamist organisations, notably the Charlie Hebdo attack in 2015, which provoked the largest public rallies in French history, gathering 4.4 million people, and the November 2015 Paris attacks, which resulted in 130 deaths, the deadliest attack on French soil since World War II and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	1995	1995	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
4	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	transport	transport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bombings	bombing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	targeted	target	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	Islamist	Islamist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	organisations	organisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	notably	notably	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	Charlie	Charlie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Hebdo	Hebdo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	2015	2015	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	provoked	provoke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	29	amod	_	_
28	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	rallies	rally	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
35	4.4	4.4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	36	compound	_	_
36	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nummod	_	_
37	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	November	November	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
42	2015	2015	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	44	nummod	_	_
43	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	47	nsubj	_	_
47	resulted	result	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	acl:relcl	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	130	130	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	50	nummod	_	_
50	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
53	deadliest	deadly	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	54	amod	_	_
54	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	_
55	on	on	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	_
58	since	since	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	60	compound	_	_
60	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	_
61	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	60	flat	_	_
62	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	deadliest	deadly	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	60	conj	_	_
65	in	in	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
67	European	European	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	68	compound	_	_
68	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	64	obl	_	_
69	since	since	ADP	IN	_	73	case	_	_
70	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	73	det	_	_
71	Madrid	Madrid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	73	compound	_	_
72	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	compound	_	_
73	bombings	bombing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	nmod	_	_
74	in	in	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
75	2004	2004	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	73	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **target** | present · perfect · passive | Islamist organisations | France |  |  | since the 1995 public transport bombings; november | the Hebdo attack in 2015 *parataxis* | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **provoke** | past | the Hebdo attack in 2015 | the largest public rallies |  | French history |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus rally=Experiencer |
| 3 | **gather** | gerund | the Hebdo attack in 2015 *not said here* | million people |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 4 | **result** | past | 2015 Paris attacks |  |  | 130 deaths |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in death=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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