---
title: In 2017, France was the world's fourth-largest donor of development… — France · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2017, France was the world's fourth-largest donor of development aid in absolute terms. Who acts: France. A sentence of Wikipedia's «France» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# France, sentence 295

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From Wikipedia, [«France»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2017, France was the world's fourth-largest donor of development aid in absolute terms.

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**Who acts:** France · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** fourth largest donor, 2017

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «France». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (France), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:France:295
# text = In 2017, France was the world's fourth-largest donor of development aid in absolute terms.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2017	2017	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	donor	donor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	absolute	absolute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | France | the world's fourth largest donor |  | 2017 |  | of development aid in absolute terms; the world *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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