---
title: Aid is provided by the governmental French Development Agency, which… — France · tree and pragmatics
description: Aid is provided by the governmental French Development Agency, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in sub-Saharan Africa, with an emphasis on "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the r
---

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# France, sentence 297

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From Wikipedia, [«France»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Aid is provided by the governmental French Development Agency, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in sub-Saharan Africa, with an emphasis on "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy".

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**Who acts:** governmental French Development Agency, emphasis, rule, law · **What happens:** provide, finance, develop, implement, consolidate, rule · **To what, where:** Aid, humanitarian projects, sub-Saharan Africa, infrastructure, appropriate economic policies

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «France». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (governmental French Development Agency, emphasis, rule, law), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:France:297
# text = Aid is provided by the governmental French Development Agency, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in sub-Saharan Africa, with an emphasis on "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy".
1	Aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	governmental	governmental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	Development	Development	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Agency	Agency	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	finances	finance	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	primarily	primarily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	humanitarian	humanitarian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	projects	project	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	sub-Saharan	sub-Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
23	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	developing	develop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	acl	_	_
26	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	access	access	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	implementation	implementation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
39	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	policies	policy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	consolidation	consolidation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	democracy	democracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | present · passive | the governmental French Development Agency | Aid |  |  |  | with a emphasis and the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient with emphasis=Theme |
| 2 | **finance** | present | the governmental French Development Agency | humanitarian projects |  | sub-Saharan Africa |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **develop** *in a quote* | gerund | a emphasis and the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy *not said here* | infrastructure and access to health care and education |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infrastructure=Product |
| 4 | **implement** *in a quote* |  |  | appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy |  |  |  |  | nom implementation «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **consolidate** *in a quote* |  | the rule of law and democracy |  |  |  |  |  | nom consolidation «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 6 | **rule** *in a quote* |  | law |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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