---
title: However, the Romans and the Gauls remained adversaries for centuries. — France · tree and pragmatics
description: However, the Romans and the Gauls remained adversaries for centuries. Who acts: Romans. A sentence of Wikipedia's «France» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# France, sentence 49

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From Wikipedia, [«France»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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However, the Romans and the Gauls remained adversaries for centuries.

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**Who acts:** Romans · **What happens:** remain · **To what, where:** adversaries

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «France». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Romans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:France:49
# text = However, the Romans and the Gauls remained adversaries for centuries.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Gauls	Gaul	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | past | the Romans and the Gauls | adversaries |  |  | century | however *property* | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme adversary=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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