--- title: Funafuti — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Funafuti», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Funafuti is an atoll, comprising numerous islets, that is the capital of Tuvalu. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Funafuti/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Funafuti # Funafuti · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Funafuti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafuti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Funafuti/) **2** The geological significance of Funafuti in testing Darwin's theory was recognised in October 2022, when the [International Union of Geological Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences) (IUGS) included the atoll in its list of 100 'geological heritage sites' worldwide.[\[51\]](../../page/2/#ref-51 "note 51")[76](../../76/ "tree and pragmatics") Funafuti, the capital atoll of Tuvalu, has become a focal point for global discussions on climate change and its impacts on low-lying island nations.[77](../../77/ "tree and pragmatics") [With an average elevation of just two metres above sea level](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Tuvalu), Funafuti faces existential threats from rising [sea levels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_levels), making it a critical site for understanding the intersection of environmental vulnerability, adaptation efforts, and [international cooperation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_cooperation).[\[52\]](../../page/2/#ref-52 "note 52")[78](../../78/ "tree and pragmatics") Tuvalu's vulnerability is underscored by projections indicating that by 2050, half of Funafuti could be submerged during [high tides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_tides), with up to 95% potentially flooded by 2100.[79](../../79/ "tree and pragmatics") This situation has led to significant environmental challenges, including the contamination of [freshwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater) sources and the degradation of agricultural land.[80](../../80/ "tree and pragmatics") In response, [the government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Tuvalu) has initiated several adaptation projects, notably the [Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Coastal_Adaptation_Project) (TCAP), which aims to protect vulnerable shorelines and reclaim land to mitigate the effects of sea-level rise.[81](../../81/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Geography ### Islands There are at least 29 islets in the Funafuti atoll.[\[1\]](../../page/2/#ref-1 "note 1")[82](../../82/ "tree and pragmatics") The largest is [Fongafale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongafale), followed by [Funafala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafala).[83](../../83/ "tree and pragmatics") At least three of these islets are inhabited: Fongafale (the main island) in the east, Funafala in the south, and [Amatuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatuku) in the north.[84](../../84/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Amatuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatuku)[85](../../85/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Avalau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalau)[86](../../86/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Falaoigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falaoigo)[87](../../87/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fale Fatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fale_Fatu) (or Falefatu)[88](../../88/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fatato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatato)[89](../../89/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fongafale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongafale)[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fuafatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuafatu)[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fuagea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuagea)[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fualefeke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fualefeke) (or Fualifeke)[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fualopa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fualopa)[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Funafala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafala)[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Funamanu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funamanu)[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Luamotu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luamotu)[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mateika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateika)[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Motugie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motugie)[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Motuloa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motuloa_%28Funafuti%29)[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Mulitefala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulitefala)[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Papa Elise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Elise) (or Funangongo)[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Te Afuafou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Afuafou)[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Te Afualiku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Afualiku)[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tefala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tefala)[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Telele](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telele)[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tengako](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengako) (peninsula of the island of [Fongafale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongafale))[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tengasu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengasu)[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tepuka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepuka)[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tepuka Vili Vili](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepuka_Vili_Vili)[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tutanga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutanga)[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Vasafua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasafua)[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Villages The district of Funafuti comprises nine villages on six islets, with four of the villages located on [Fongafale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongafale).[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") Many islands only contain one village.[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") Their populations as of the 2012 census are listed below:[\[3\]](../../page/2/#ref-3 "note 3")[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") - Name; Population[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") - Islet; Village[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Amatuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatuku); 128[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") - Fongafale; Alapi; 1,029[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fakaifou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakaifou); 1,158[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Senala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senala); 1,207[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Vaiaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaiaku); 638[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Lofeagai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lofeagai); 627[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tekavatoetoe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekavatoetoe); 650[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Teone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teone); 570[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Funafala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafala); 50[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Lagoon The Funafuti atoll's lagoon (Te Namo in [Tuvaluan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvaluan_language)) is 24.5 km (15 miles) long, north to south, and 17.5 km (10 miles) wide, east to west, and has an area of 275 km2 (106 sq. mi.), making it by far the largest lagoon in the nation of Tuvalu.[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") It is about 52 metre deep in some places, but only 6 metre deep in other places (because it has several submerged rocks and [reefs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reefs) along its bottom, some of which are close to the surface).[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") The deepest basin is in the northern part of the lagoon (the maximum recorded depth is 54.7 metre, while the southern part of the lagoon has a very narrow, shallow basin.[\[53\]](../../page/2/#ref-53 "note 53")[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") The Funafuti Conservation Area is located 15 km across the lagoon from the main island of [Fongafale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongafale), and is accessed by boat.[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Landmarks Tausoa Lima Falekaupule is the traditional meeting house on Funafuti.[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") Tausoalima means "hand of friendship" and Falekaupule means "traditional island meeting hall."[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") There is the [Funafuti Lagoon Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafuti_Lagoon_Hotel), and other guesthouses as well as homes, constructed both in the traditional manner, out of palm fronds, and more recently out of cement blocks.[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") The most prominent building on Funafuti atoll is the Fētu'ao Lima (Morning Star Church) of the [Church of Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Tuvalu).[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") Other sites of interest are the remains of Japanese aircraft that crashed on Funafuti during World War II.[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") The airfield was [constructed during World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tuvalu#The_Pacific_War_and_Operation_Galvanic) by American troops for the [Pacific Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_War).[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") After the war, it was adapted to serve as the [Funafuti International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafuti_International_Airport), which serves both as the airstrip for the flights from [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji) [corpus](../../../Fiji/ "in our corpus") as well as providing a place for sporting and other recreational activities.[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival", held annually at Fongafale on 1 October.[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") The most important sports event within the country is arguably the [Tuvalu Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Games), which are held yearly since 2008, with teams coming to Funafuti from the outer islands to compete in the games.[\[54\]](../../page/2/#ref-54 "note 54")[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") [Football in Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_in_Tuvalu) is played at club and national team level.[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Tuvalu national football team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_national_football_team) trains at the [Tuvalu Sports Ground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Sports_Ground) on Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games and South Pacific Games.[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Parliament of Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Tuvalu) or Palamene o Tuvalu is located on Fongafale, together with the offices of the government departments and the government agencies, including the [Tuvalu Telecommunications Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Telecommunications_Corporation), [National Bank of Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_of_Tuvalu), [Tuvalu Philatelic Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Tuvalu), [Tuvalu Meteorological Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Meteorological_Service), [Tuvalu National Library and Archives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_National_Library_and_Archives) and the [Tuvalu Media Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Media_Corporation) that operates Radio Tuvalu.[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") The [police service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tuvalu) has its headquarters and the jail on Fongafale.[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") The [High Court of Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Tuvalu) is also located on Fongafale.[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Princess Margaret Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret_Hospital_%28Funafuti%29), the only hospital in Tuvalu, is located on Fongafale.[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") The installed [PV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics) capacity in Funafuti in 2020 was 735 kW compared to 1800 kW of diesel (16% penetration).[\[55\]](../../page/2/#ref-55 "note 55")[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Climate Funafuti has a [tropical rainforest climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate) ([Köppen climate classification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification) Af).[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") Because it experiences frequent cyclones, it is not considered to have an equatorial climate.[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") It sees an extraordinary amount of rainfall throughout the year and has no [dry season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_season): the town has no month in which less than 200 mm rain falls, and an average of about 3500 mm of precipitation annually.[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") As is common in many areas with a tropical rainforest climate, the temperature varies little during the year; average daily temperatures hover around 28 C year-round.[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") When comparing seasonal weathers, summer (December to February) is the wettest season, while winter (June to August) is the driest season.[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") Autumn (March to May) is the “hottest” season, and summer is the “coldest” season.[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") However, autumn averages are only 0.3 degrees Celsius hotter than summer averages.[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transportation [Funafuti International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafuti_International_Airport) is located on [Fongafale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongafale).[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") [Fiji Airways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_Airways), the owner of Fiji Airlines (trading as [Fiji Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_Link)) operates air transport services three times per week (on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday) between [Suva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suva) [corpus](../../../Suva/ "in our corpus") and Funafuti.[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") The flights originate in [Nadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadi), and use [ATR 72](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATR_72)-600 aircraft, which can carry up to 68 passengers.[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") Fongafale has port facilities and two passenger/cargo ships, Nivaga III and Manu Folau, which make roundtrips between Fongafale and the outer islands about once every three or four weeks, and also travel between [Suva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suva) [corpus](../../../Suva/ "in our corpus"), Fiji,[\[56\]](../../page/2/#ref-56 "note 56") and Funafuti about three or four times a year.[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2015 the Japanese government donated the Nivaga III, to Tuvalu, to replace the Nivaga II, which had served Tuvalu since 1989.[\[57\]](../../page/2/#ref-57 "note 57")[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Politics The Funafuti [Falekaupule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falekaupule) is the local council, with the Kaupule as the executive of the Falekaupule.[\[58\]](../../page/2/#ref-58 "note 58")[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") On Fongafale, the Funafuti Kaupule is responsible for approvals of the construction of houses or extension to an existing buildings on private land and the Lands Management Committee is the responsible authority in relation to lands leased by Government.[\[59\]](../../page/2/#ref-59 "note 59")[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") Funafuti is one of the eight constituencies in Tuvalu, and elects two members of [parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Tuvalu).[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") The [2024 general election in Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Tuvaluan_general_election) resulted in the re-election of [Simon Kofe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Kofe), the election of [Tuafafa Latasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuafafa_Latasi), and the defeat of incumbent [Kausea Natano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kausea_Natano).[\[60\]](../../page/2/#ref-60 "note 60")[\[61\]](../../page/2/#ref-61 "note 61")[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Education Four tertiary institutions on Funafuti offer technical and vocational courses: [Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Maritime_Training_Institute) (TMTI), [Tuvalu Atoll Science Technology Training Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Atoll_Science_Technology_Training_Institute) (TASTII), Australian Pacific Training Coalition (APTC) and [University of the South Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific) (USP) Extension Centre.[\[62\]](../../page/2/#ref-62 "note 62")[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") There are two junior schools, the Seventh Day Adventist Primary School and Nauti Primary School, which, combined, have a register of more than 900 pupils.[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") This makes it the largest primary school in Tuvalu (with 45 per cent of the total primary school enrollment).[\[63\]](../../page/2/#ref-63 "note 63")[165](../../165/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Church of Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Tuvalu) operates [Fetuvalu Secondary School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetuvalu_Secondary_School).[\[64\]](../../page/2/#ref-64 "note 64")[\[65\]](../../page/2/#ref-65 "note 65")[166](../../166/ "tree and pragmatics") The [University of the South Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific) (USP)[\[66\]](../../page/2/#ref-66 "note 66") Extension Centre on Funafuti operates the Augmented Foundation Programme for sixth form students who pass their Pacific Secondary School Certificate (PSSC) so that students have the opportunity to enroll in tertiary education programmes outside of Tuvalu.[167](../../167/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu_Maritime_Training_Institute) (TMTI) is located on the islet of [Amatuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatuku).[168](../../168/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Notable people - Sir [Toaripi Lauti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toaripi_Lauti), (28 November 1928 – 25 May 2014): first Chief Minister of the Ellice Islands (from 2 October 1975 to 1 October 1978); first Prime Minister of Tuvalu (from 1 October 1978 to 8 September 1981); third Governor General of Tuvalu (from 1 October 1990 to 1 December 1993).[169](../../169/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sir [Kamuta Latasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamuta_Latasi), (born 1936): fourth Prime Minister of Tuvalu (from 1993 to 1996); Speaker of the Parliament of Tuvalu (2006 to September 2010, and December 2010 to March 2014).[170](../../170/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Kausea Natano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kausea_Natano) (born 5 July 1957)[\[67\]](../../page/2/#ref-67 "note 67") was the 13th [Prime Minister of Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tuvalu) (from 19 September 2019 to 26 February 2024).[171](../../171/ "tree and pragmatics") He represented Funafuti as a Member of Parliament from the [2002 Tuvaluan general election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Tuvaluan_general_election) until the [2024 Tuvaluan general election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Tuvaluan_general_election).[\[60\]](../../page/2/#ref-60 "note 60")[\[61\]](../../page/2/#ref-61 "note 61")[172](../../172/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [Funafuti Conservation Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafuti_Conservation_Area) [History of Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tuvalu) [List of Guano Island claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Guano_Island_claims) ''''' ## Further reading Hedley, Charles (1896). "[General account of the Atoll of Funafuti](http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/16686/487_complete.pdf)". *Australian Museum Memoir*. Kench, Thompson, Ford, Ogawa and McLean (2015). "[GSA DATA REPOSITORY 2015184 (Changes in planform characteristics of 29 islands located on Funafuti's atoll rim)](https://www.geosociety.org/datarepository/2015/2015184.pdf)". The Geological Society of America. Lambert, Sylvester M.. "[Young woman, member of the O'Brien family, Funafuti, Tuvalu](http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb13661628)". *Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego*. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Funafuti/) **2** ## References {#references} 1\. "[Maps of Tuvalu](https://www.mapsland.com/oceania/tuvalu)". 2\. Lal, Andrick. "[South Pacific Sea Level & Climate Monitoring Project – Funafuti atoll](http://www.pacificdisaster.net/oip/FinalReport/Annex/3_Survey%20LDP/Survey_Diagrams_JPACE-TV.pdf)". SPC Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC Division of SPC). 3\. "[Population of communities in Tuvalu](https://www.citypopulation.de/Tuvalu.html)". Thomas Brinkhoff. 2017. 4\. Roberts, R. G. (1958). "[TE ATU TUVALU: A Short History of the Ellice Islands](http://www.jstor.org/stable/20703694)". *The Journal of the Polynesian Society*. 5\. Macdonald, Barrie (2001). "[Cinderellas of the Empire: Towards a History of Kiribati and Tuvalu](https://books.google.com/books?id=Yeu4MnVVss0C&q=Funafuti)". editorips@usp.ac.fj. 6\. Fainu, Kalolaine (2023-06-27). "[Facing extinction, Tuvalu considers the digital clone of a country](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/27/tuvalu-climate-crisis-rising-sea-levels-pacific-island-nation-country-digital-clone)". *The Guardian*. 7\. Coates, A. (1970). "Western Pacific Islands". H.M.S.O.. 8\. "[Tuvalu unveils Long-Term Adaptation Plan at COP27, a vision for a safe, climate-resilient future](https://tcap.tv/news/2022/11/14/tuvalu-presents-long-term-adaptation-plan-ltap)". *Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project*. 2022-11-15. 9\. "[Tuvalu country brief](https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/tuvalu/Pages/tuvalu-country-brief.aspx)". Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. March 2020. 10\. Prof. W. J. Sollas (11 February 1897). "[The Legendary History of Funafuti](https://www.nature.com/articles/055353a0.pdf)". *Nature*. 11\. Talakatoa O'Brien (1983). "Tuvalu: A History, Chapter 1, Genesis". Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu. 12\. Kennedy, Donald G. (1929). "[Field Notes on the Culture of Vaitupu, Ellice Islands](http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_38_1929/Field_notes_on_the_culture_of_Vaitupu%2C_Ellice_Islands%2C_by_Donald_Gilbert_Kennedy%2C_p_1-99/p1?action=null)". *[Journal of the Polynesian Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_Polynesian_Society)*. 13\. Hedley, Charles (1896). "[General account of the Atoll of Funafuti](http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/16686/487_complete.pdf)". Australian Museum Memoir 3(2): 1–72. 14\. De Peyster, J. Watts 1821–1907.. "Military (1776–'79) transactions of Major, afterwards Colonel, 8th or King's foot, Arent Schuyler de Peyster (with details of the discovery of the Ellice and de Peyster Islands in the Pacific Ocean, in May, 1819)". Reproduction of original in: Bibliotheque Nationale du Quebec. 15\. "[The De Peysters](http://corbett-family-history.com/de-peyster)". 16\. Laumua Kofe, Palagi and Pastors, *Tuvalu: A History*, Ch. 15, Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu, 1983 17\. Tyler, David B. – 1968 *The Wilkes Expedition. The First United States Exploring Expedition* (1838–42). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society 18\. "[A Brief History of Tuvalu: Christianity and European Traders](http://www.tuvaluislands.com/history.htm)". *Tuvaluislands.com*. 19\. Lambert, Sylvester M.. "[Young woman, member of the O'Brien family, Funafuti, Tuvalu](http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb13661628)". *Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego*. 20\. Resture, Jane. "[Alfred Restieaux Manuscripts – Part 2](http://www.janeresture.com/ar3.htm)". Jane Resture. 21\. Munro, Doug (1980). "[Tom De Wolf's Pacific Venture: The Life History of a Commercial Enterprise in Samoa](https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/PacificStudies/article/download/9023/8672)". 22\. "[National Archives & Records Administration](https://www.archives.gov)". Records of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.. 23\. McLean, R.F. and Munro, D. (1991). "[Late 19th century Tropical Storms and Hurricanes in Tuvalu](http://uspaquatic.library.usp.ac.fj/gsdl/collect/spjnas/index/assoc/HASH0199.dir/doc.pdf)". *South Pacific Journal of Natural History*. 24\. Resture, Jane. "[Hurricane 1883](http://www.janeresture.com/hurribebe/hurricanebebe2.htm)". Tuvalu and the Hurricanes: ‘Gods Who Die’ by Julian Dana as told by George Westbrook. 25\. Resture, Jane. "[*TUVALU HISTORY* – 'The Davis Diaries' (*H.M.S. Royalist, 1892 visit to Ellice Islands under Captain Davis*)](http://www.janeresture.com/tuvalu_davis/index.htm)". 26\. Hedley, Charles (1896). "[General account of the Atoll of Funafuti](http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/16686/487_complete.pdf)". *Australian Museum Memoir*. 27\. 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