---
title: A study, based primarily on church membership rolls, estimated that… — Germany · tree and pragmatics
description: A study, based primarily on church membership rolls, estimated that in 2025 48.1% of the population are not members of any religious organisation or denomination and 46.3% are Christians. Who acts: study. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Germany» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Germany, sentence 304

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From Wikipedia, [«Germany»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A study, based primarily on church membership rolls, estimated that in 2025 48.1% of the population are not members of any religious organisation or denomination and 46.3% are Christians.

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**Who acts:** study · **What happens:** base, roll, estimate, not be, be · **To what, where:** study, church membership, members, Christians

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Germany». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (study), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Germany:304
# text = A study, based primarily on church membership rolls, estimated that in 2025 48.1% of the population are not members of any religious organisation or denomination and 46.3% are Christians.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	primarily	primarily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	membership	membership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	rolls	roll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	2025	2025	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
15	48.1	48.1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:agent	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
25	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	denomination	denomination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	46.3	46.3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
32	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
33	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **base** | participle |  | a study *not said here* |  | church membership |  | primarily *property* | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on membership=Source |
| 2 | **roll** | present | a study |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **estimate** | participle | a study *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **is a** | present |  | members |  |  |  | of any religious organisation or denomination | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | Christians |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Germany», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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